Re: [PATCH v5 00/44] KVM: x86: Add support for mediated vPMUs

[Mi, Dapeng]

On 8/7/2025 3:56 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> This series is based on the fastpath+PMU cleanups series[*] (which is based on
> kvm/queue), but the non-KVM changes apply cleanly on v6.16 or Linus' tree.
> I.e. if you only care about the perf changes, I would just apply on whatever
> branch is convenient and stop when you hit the KVM changes.
>
> My hope/plan is that the perf changes will go through the tip tree with a
> stable tag/branch, and the KVM changes will go the kvm-x86 tree.
>
> Non-x86 KVM folks, y'all are getting Cc'd due to minor changes in "KVM: Add a
> simplified wrapper for registering perf callbacks".
>
> The full set is also available at:
>
>   https://github.com/sean-jc/linux.git tags/mediated-vpmu-v5
>
> Add support for mediated vPMUs in KVM x86, where "mediated" aligns with the
> standard definition of intercepting control operations (e.g. event selectors),
> while allowing the guest to perform data operations (e.g. read PMCs, toggle
> counters on/off) without KVM getting involed.
>
> For an in-depth description of the what and why, please see the cover letter
> from the original RFC:
>
>   https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240126085444.324918-1-xiong.y.zhang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>
> All KVM tests pass (or fail the same before and after), and I've manually
> verified MSR/PMC are passed through as expected, but I haven't done much at all
> to actually utilize the PMU in a guest.  I'll be amazed if I didn't make at
> least one major goof.
>
> Similarly, I tried to address all feedback, but there are many, many changes
> relative to v4.  If I missed something, I apologize in advance.
>
> In other words, please thoroughly review and test.

Went through the whole patchset, it looks good to me.

Run all PMU related kselftests and KUT tests on Intel Sapphire Rapids, no
issue is found. We would run broader tests on more Intel platforms. Thanks.


>
> [*] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250805190526.1453366-1-seanjc@xxxxxxxxxx
>
> v5:
>  - Add a patch to call security_perf_event_free() from __free_event()
>    instead of _free_event() (necessitated by the __cleanup() changes).
>  - Add CONFIG_PERF_GUEST_MEDIATED_PMU to guard the new perf functionality.
>  - Ensure the PMU is fully disabled in perf_{load,put}_guest_context() when
>    when switching between guest and host context. [Kan, Namhyung]
>  - Route the new system IRQ, PERF_GUEST_MEDIATED_PMI_VECTOR, through perf,
>    not KVM, and play nice with FRED.
>  - Rename and combine perf_{guest,host}_{enter,exit}() to a single set of
>    APIs, perf_{load,put}_guest_context().
>  - Rename perf_{get,put}_mediated_pmu() to perf_{create,release}_mediated_pmu()
>    to (hopefully) better differentiate them from perf_{load,put}_guest_context().
>  - Change the param to the load/put APIs from "u32 guest_lvtpc" to
>    "unsigned long data" to decouple arch code as much as possible.  E.g. if
>    a non-x86 arch were to ever support a mediated vPMU, @data could be used
>    to pass a pointer to a struct.
>  - Use pmu->version to detect if a vCPU has a mediated PMU.
>  - Use a kvm_x86_ops hook to check for mediated PMU support.
>  - Cull "passthrough" from as many places as I could find.
>  - Improve the changelog/documentation related to RDPMC interception.
>  - Check harware capabilities, not KVM capabilities, when calculating
>    MSR and RDPMC intercepts.
>  - Rework intercept (re)calculation to use a request and the existing (well,
>    will be existing as of 6.17-rc1) vendor hooks for recalculating intercepts.
>  - Always read PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL on VM-Exit if writes weren't intercepted while
>    running the vCPU.
>  - Call setup_vmcs_config() before kvm_x86_vendor_init() so that the golden
>    VMCS configuration is known before kvm_init_pmu_capability() is called.
>  - Keep as much refresh/init code in common x86 as possible.
>  - Context switch PMCs and event selectors in common x86, not vendor code.
>  - Bail from the VM-Exit fastpath if the guest is counting instructions
>    retired and the mediated PMU is enabled (because guest state hasn't yet
>    been synchronized with hardware).
>  - Don't require an userspace to opt-in via KVM_CAP_PMU_CAPABILITY, and instead
>    automatically "create" a mediated PMU on the first KVM_CREATE_VCPU call if
>    the VM has an in-kernel local APIC.
>  - Add entries in kernel-parameters.txt for the PMU params.
>  - Add a patch to elide PMC writes when possible.
>  - Many more fixups and tweaks...
>
> v4:
>  - https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250324173121.1275209-1-mizhang@xxxxxxxxxx
>  - Rebase whole patchset on 6.14-rc3 base.
>  - Address Peter's comments on Perf part.
>  - Address Sean's comments on KVM part.
>    * Change key word "passthrough" to "mediated" in all patches
>    * Change static enabling to user space dynamic enabling via KVM_CAP_PMU_CAPABILITY.
>    * Only support GLOBAL_CTRL save/restore with VMCS exec_ctrl, drop the MSR
>      save/retore list support for GLOBAL_CTRL, thus the support of mediated
>      vPMU is constrained to SapphireRapids and later CPUs on Intel side.
>    * Merge some small changes into a single patch.
>  - Address Sandipan's comment on invalid pmu pointer.
>  - Add back "eventsel_hw" and "fixed_ctr_ctrl_hw" to avoid to directly
>    manipulate pmc->eventsel and pmu->fixed_ctr_ctrl.
>
> v3: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240801045907.4010984-1-mizhang@xxxxxxxxxx
> v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240506053020.3911940-1-mizhang@xxxxxxxxxx
> v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240126085444.324918-1-xiong.y.zhang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>
> Dapeng Mi (15):
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Start stubbing in mediated PMU support
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Implement Intel mediated PMU requirements and
>     constraints
>   KVM: x86: Rename vmx_vmentry/vmexit_ctrl() helpers
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Move PMU_CAP_{FW_WRITES,LBR_FMT} into msr-index.h header
>   KVM: VMX: Add helpers to toggle/change a bit in VMCS execution
>     controls
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Disable RDPMC interception for compatible mediated vPMU
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Load/save GLOBAL_CTRL via entry/exit fields for mediated
>     PMU
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Use BIT_ULL() instead of open coded equivalents
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Disable interception of select PMU MSRs for mediated
>     vPMUs
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Bypass perf checks when emulating mediated PMU counter
>     accesses
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Reprogram mediated PMU event selectors on event filter
>     updates
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Load/put mediated PMU context when entering/exiting
>     guest
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Handle emulated instruction for mediated vPMU
>   KVM: nVMX: Add macros to simplify nested MSR interception setting
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Expose enable_mediated_pmu parameter to user space
>
> Kan Liang (7):
>   perf: Skip pmu_ctx based on event_type
>   perf: Add generic exclude_guest support
>   perf: Add APIs to create/release mediated guest vPMUs
>   perf: Clean up perf ctx time
>   perf: Add a EVENT_GUEST flag
>   perf: Add APIs to load/put guest mediated PMU context
>   perf/x86/intel: Support PERF_PMU_CAP_MEDIATED_VPMU
>
> Mingwei Zhang (3):
>   perf/x86/core: Plumb mediated PMU capability from x86_pmu to
>     x86_pmu_cap
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Introduce eventsel_hw to prepare for pmu event filtering
>   KVM: nVMX: Disable PMU MSR interception as appropriate while running
>     L2
>
> Sandipan Das (3):
>   perf/x86/core: Do not set bit width for unavailable counters
>   perf/x86/amd: Support PERF_PMU_CAP_MEDIATED_VPMU for AMD host
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Always stuff GuestOnly=1,HostOnly=0 for mediated PMCs on
>     AMD
>
> Sean Christopherson (15):
>   perf: Move security_perf_event_free() call to __free_event()
>   perf: core/x86: Register a new vector for handling mediated guest PMIs
>   perf/x86: Switch LVTPC to/from mediated PMI vector on guest load/put
>     context
>   KVM: VMX: Setup canonical VMCS config prior to kvm_x86_vendor_init()
>   KVM: SVM: Check pmu->version, not enable_pmu, when getting PMC MSRs
>   KVM: Add a simplified wrapper for registering perf callbacks
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Snapshot host (i.e. perf's) reported PMU capabilities
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Implement AMD mediated PMU requirements
>   KVM: x86: Rework KVM_REQ_MSR_FILTER_CHANGED into a generic
>     RECALC_INTERCEPTS
>   KVM: x86: Use KVM_REQ_RECALC_INTERCEPTS to react to CPUID updates
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Move initialization of valid PMCs bitmask to common x86
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Restrict GLOBAL_{CTRL,STATUS}, fixed PMCs, and PEBS to
>     PMU v2+
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Disallow emulation in the fastpath if mediated PMCs are
>     active
>   KVM: nSVM: Disable PMU MSR interception as appropriate while running
>     L2
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Elide WRMSRs when loading guest PMCs if values already
>     match
>
> Xiong Zhang (1):
>   KVM: x86/pmu: Register PMI handler for mediated vPMU
>
>  .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |  49 ++
>  arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c                          |   2 +-
>  arch/loongarch/kvm/main.c                     |   2 +-
>  arch/riscv/kvm/main.c                         |   2 +-
>  arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c                   |   1 +
>  arch/x86/events/amd/core.c                    |   2 +
>  arch/x86/events/core.c                        |  32 +-
>  arch/x86/events/intel/core.c                  |   5 +
>  arch/x86/include/asm/hardirq.h                |   3 +
>  arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h               |   6 +
>  arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h            |   4 +-
>  arch/x86/include/asm/kvm-x86-ops.h            |   2 +-
>  arch/x86/include/asm/kvm-x86-pmu-ops.h        |   4 +
>  arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h               |   7 +-
>  arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h              |  17 +-
>  arch/x86/include/asm/perf_event.h             |   1 +
>  arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h                    |   1 +
>  arch/x86/kernel/idt.c                         |   3 +
>  arch/x86/kernel/irq.c                         |  19 +
>  arch/x86/kvm/Kconfig                          |   1 +
>  arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c                          |   2 +
>  arch/x86/kvm/pmu.c                            | 272 ++++++++-
>  arch/x86/kvm/pmu.h                            |  37 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c                     |  18 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/svm/pmu.c                        |  51 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c                        |  54 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/capabilities.h               |  11 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/main.c                       |  14 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c                     |  65 ++-
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/pmu_intel.c                  | 169 ++++--
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/pmu_intel.h                  |  15 +
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c                        | 143 +++--
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.h                        |  11 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/x86_ops.h                    |   2 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/x86.c                            |  69 ++-
>  arch/x86/kvm/x86.h                            |   1 +
>  include/linux/kvm_host.h                      |  11 +-
>  include/linux/perf_event.h                    |  38 +-
>  init/Kconfig                                  |   4 +
>  kernel/events/core.c                          | 521 ++++++++++++++----
>  .../beauty/arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h |   3 +-
>  virt/kvm/kvm_main.c                           |   6 +-
>  42 files changed, 1385 insertions(+), 295 deletions(-)
>
>
> base-commit: 53d61a43a7973f812caa08fa922b607574befef4