Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] RISC-V: Add arch functions to support hibernation/suspend-to-disk

[Conor Dooley]

+CC Alex

Alex, could you take a look at the page table bits here when you get a
chance please?

On Fri, Jan 27, 2023 at 05:10:51PM +0800, Sia Jee Heng wrote:
> Low level Arch functions were created to support hibernation.
> swsusp_arch_suspend() relies code from __cpu_suspend_enter() to write
> cpu state onto the stack, then calling swsusp_save() to save the memory
> image.
> 
> Arch specific hibernation header is implemented and is utilized by the
> arch_hibernation_header_restore() and arch_hibernation_header_save()
> functions. The arch specific hibernation header consists of satp, hartid,
> and the cpu_resume address. The kernel built version is also need to be
> saved into the hibernation image header to making sure only the same
> kernel is restore when resume.
> 
> swsusp_arch_resume() creates a temporary page table that covering only
> the linear map. It copies the restore code to a 'safe' page, then start
> to restore the memory image. Once completed, it restores the original
> kernel's page table. It then calls into __hibernate_cpu_resume()
> to restore the CPU context. Finally, it follows the normal hibernation
> path back to the hibernation core.
> 
> To enable hibernation/suspend to disk into RISCV, the below config
> need to be enabled:
> - CONFIG_ARCH_HIBERNATION_HEADER
> - CONFIG_ARCH_HIBERNATION_POSSIBLE
> 
> Signed-off-by: Sia Jee Heng <jeeheng.sia@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Reviewed-by: Ley Foon Tan <leyfoon.tan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Reviewed-by: Mason Huo <mason.huo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
>  arch/riscv/Kconfig                 |   7 +
>  arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h |  20 ++
>  arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h   |  21 ++
>  arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile         |   1 +
>  arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c    |   5 +
>  arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S  |  89 +++++++
>  arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c      | 360 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  7 files changed, 503 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S
>  create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c
> 
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> index e2b656043abf..4555848a817f 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> @@ -690,6 +690,13 @@ menu "Power management options"
>  
>  source "kernel/power/Kconfig"
>  
> +config ARCH_HIBERNATION_POSSIBLE
> +	def_bool y
> +
> +config ARCH_HIBERNATION_HEADER
> +	def_bool y
> +	depends on HIBERNATION
> +
>  endmenu # "Power management options"
>  
>  menu "CPU Power Management"
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h
> index ef1283d04b70..3de70d3e6ceb 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h
> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h
> @@ -59,4 +59,24 @@
>  		REG_L	s11, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S11)(a0)
>  	.endm
>  
> +/**
> + * copy_page - copy 1 page (4KB) of data from source to destination

arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h:64: warning: Incorrect use of kernel-doc format:  * copy_page - copy 1 page (4KB) of data from source to destination

> + * @a0 - destination
> + * @a1 - source
> + */
> +	.macro	copy_page a0, a1
> +		lui	a2, 0x1
> +		add	a2, a2, a0
> +.1 :
> +		REG_L	t0, 0(a1)
> +		REG_L	t1, SZREG(a1)
> +
> +		REG_S	t0, 0(a0)
> +		REG_S	t1, SZREG(a0)
> +
> +		addi	a0, a0, 2 * SZREG
> +		addi	a1, a1, 2 * SZREG
> +		bne	a2, a0, .1

allmodconfig, clang 15.0.4:

<instantiation>:3:1: error: unexpected token at start of statement
.1 :
^
/stuff/linux/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S:83:2: note: while in macro instantiation
 copy_page a0, a1
 ^
<instantiation>:12:15: error: unknown operand
  bne a2, a0, .1
              ^
/stuff/linux/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S:83:2: note: while in macro instantiation
 copy_page a0, a1
 ^
make[5]: *** [/stuff/linux/scripts/Makefile.build:384: arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.o] Error 1

> +	.endm
> +
>  #endif	/* __ASM_ASSEMBLER_H */
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h
> index 75419c5ca272..db40ae433aa9 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h
> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h
> @@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ struct suspend_context {
>  #endif
>  };
>  
> +/*
> + * This parameter will be assigned to 0 during resume and will be used by
> + * hibernation core for the subsequent resume sequence

This isn't a parameter! I'm not sure that the comment really adds
anything to be honest, but "Used by the hibernation core and cleared
during the resume sequence" probably gets the point across equally well.

> + */
> +extern int in_suspend;
> +
>  /* Low-level CPU suspend entry function */
>  int __cpu_suspend_enter(struct suspend_context *context);
>  
> @@ -36,4 +42,19 @@ int __cpu_resume_enter(unsigned long hartid, unsigned long context);
>  /* Used to save and restore the csr */
>  void suspend_save_csrs(struct suspend_context *context);
>  void suspend_restore_csrs(struct suspend_context *context);
> +
> +/* Low-level API to support hibernation */
> +int swsusp_arch_suspend(void);
> +int swsusp_arch_resume(void);
> +int arch_hibernation_header_save(void *addr, unsigned int max_size);
> +int arch_hibernation_header_restore(void *addr);
> +int __hibernate_cpu_resume(void);
> +
> +/* Used to resume on the CPU we hibernated on */
> +int hibernate_resume_nonboot_cpu_disable(void);
> +
> +/* Used to restore the hibernated image */

I think this comment is kinda stating the obvious, no?

> +asmlinkage void restore_image(unsigned long resume_satp, unsigned long satp_temp,
> +				unsigned long cpu_resume);
> +asmlinkage int core_restore_code(void);

How about dropping the comment and prepending hiberate_ to this function
names?

>  #endif
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile b/arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile
> index 4cf303a779ab..daab341d55e4 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile
> @@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES)		+= module.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_MODULE_SECTIONS)	+= module-sections.o
>  
>  obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_PM)		+= suspend_entry.o suspend.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_HIBERNATION)	+= hibernate.o hibernate-asm.o
>  
>  obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER)	+= mcount.o ftrace.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE)	+= mcount-dyn.o
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> index df9444397908..d6a75aac1d27 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
>  #include <linux/kbuild.h>
>  #include <linux/mm.h>
>  #include <linux/sched.h>
> +#include <linux/suspend.h>
>  #include <asm/kvm_host.h>
>  #include <asm/thread_info.h>
>  #include <asm/ptrace.h>
> @@ -116,6 +117,10 @@ void asm_offsets(void)
>  
>  	OFFSET(SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS, suspend_context, regs);
>  
> +	OFFSET(HIBERN_PBE_ADDR, pbe, address);
> +	OFFSET(HIBERN_PBE_ORIG, pbe, orig_address);
> +	OFFSET(HIBERN_PBE_NEXT, pbe, next);
> +
>  	OFFSET(KVM_ARCH_GUEST_ZERO, kvm_vcpu_arch, guest_context.zero);
>  	OFFSET(KVM_ARCH_GUEST_RA, kvm_vcpu_arch, guest_context.ra);
>  	OFFSET(KVM_ARCH_GUEST_SP, kvm_vcpu_arch, guest_context.sp);
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S b/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..a83d534b89bd
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S
> @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> +/*
> + * Hibernation support specific for RISCV
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2023 StarFive Technology Co., Ltd.
> + *
> + * Author: Jee Heng Sia <jeeheng.sia@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> + */
> +
> +#include <asm/asm.h>
> +#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
> +#include <asm/assembler.h>
> +#include <asm/csr.h>
> +
> +#include <linux/linkage.h>
> +
> +/*
> + * This code is executed when resume from the hibernation.
> + *
> + * It begins with loading the temporary page table then restores the memory image.
> + * Finally branches to __hibernate_cpu_resume() to restore the state saved by
> + * swsusp_arch_suspend().
> + */

This file looks to be confusingly ordered. You lead with a comment
describing a sequence but the file doesn't follow it.
I suggest removing this comment.

> +
> +/*
> + * int __hibernate_cpu_resume(void)
> + * Switch back to the hibernated image's page table prior to restore the CPU

nit: s/restore/restoring

> + * context.
> + *
> + * Always returns 0 to the C code.

s/to the C code//

> + */
> +ENTRY(__hibernate_cpu_resume)
> +	/* switch to hibernated image's page table */
> +	csrw CSR_SATP, s0
> +	sfence.vma
> +
> +	REG_L	a0, hibernate_cpu_context
> +
> +	/* Restore CSRs */

Stating the obvious again here, no?

> +	restore_csr
> +
> +	/* Restore registers (except A0 and T0-T6) */

Do we need to mention the (except A0 & T0-T6) here and elsewhere?
If they're lost across calls anyway, is it worth mentioning that they're
lost across hibernation?

> +	restore_reg
> +
> +	/* Return zero value */
> +	add	a0, zero, zero
> +
> +	/* Return to C code */

I'd drop this comment. I don't think the presumed caller of the function
needs to be mentioned here.

> +	ret
> +END(__hibernate_cpu_resume)
> +
> +/*
> + * Prepare to restore the image.
> + * a0: satp of saved page tables
> + * a1: satp of temporary page tables
> + * a2: cpu_resume
> + */
> +ENTRY(restore_image)
> +	mv	s0, a0
> +	mv	s1, a1
> +	mv	s2, a2
> +	REG_L	s4, restore_pblist
> +	REG_L	a1, relocated_restore_code
> +
> +	jalr	a1
> +END(restore_image)
> +
> +/*
> + * The below code will be executed from a 'safe' page.
> + * It first switches to the temporary page table, then start to copy the pages

nit: s/start/starts/

> + * back to the original memory location. Finally, it jumps to the __hibernate_cpu_resume()

nit: s/jumps to the/jumps to/

> + * to restore the CPU context.
> + */
> +ENTRY(core_restore_code)
> +	/* switch to temp page table */
> +	csrw satp, s1
> +	sfence.vma
> +.Lcopy:
> +	/* The below code will restore the hibernated image. */

I think this should be moved to the top of the pre-function comment.

> +	REG_L	a1, HIBERN_PBE_ADDR(s4)
> +	REG_L	a0, HIBERN_PBE_ORIG(s4)
> +
> +	copy_page a0, a1
> +
> +	REG_L	s4, HIBERN_PBE_NEXT(s4)
> +	bnez	s4, .Lcopy
> +
> +	jalr	s2
> +END(core_restore_code)
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..bf7f3c781820
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +/*
> + * Hibernation support specific for RISCV

Well, it'd be odd if it was for another arch but sitting in arch/riscv!
;)

Thanks for your patches though, it'll be great to have hibernation
support going.

> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2023 StarFive Technology Co., Ltd.
> + *
> + * Author: Jee Heng Sia <jeeheng.sia@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> + */
> +
> +#include <asm/barrier.h>
> +#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
> +#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
> +#include <asm/page.h>
> +#include <asm/pgtable.h>
> +#include <asm/sections.h>
> +#include <asm/set_memory.h>
> +#include <asm/smp.h>
> +#include <asm/suspend.h>
> +
> +#include <linux/cpu.h>
> +#include <linux/memblock.h>
> +#include <linux/pm.h>
> +#include <linux/sched.h>
> +#include <linux/suspend.h>
> +#include <linux/utsname.h>
> +
> +/* The logical cpu number we should resume on, initialised to a non-cpu number */
> +static int sleep_cpu = -EINVAL;
> +
> +/* CPU context to be saved */
> +struct suspend_context *hibernate_cpu_context;
> +
> +unsigned long relocated_restore_code;
> +
> +/* Pointer to the temporary resume page table */
> +pgd_t *resume_pg_dir;

sparse doesn't like what you've done here:
/stuff/linux/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c:31:24: warning: symbol 'hibernate_cpu_context' was not declared. Should it be static?
/stuff/linux/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c:33:15: warning: symbol 'relocated_restore_code' was not declared. Should it be static?
/stuff/linux/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c:36:7: warning: symbol 'resume_pg_dir' was not declared. Should it be static?
> +
> +/**
> + * struct arch_hibernate_hdr_invariants - container to store kernel build version
> + * @uts_version: to save the build number and date so that the we are not resume with

nit: "so that we do not resume"

> + *		a different kernel
> + */
> +struct arch_hibernate_hdr_invariants {
> +	char		uts_version[__NEW_UTS_LEN + 1];
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * struct arch_hibernate_hdr - helper parameters that help us to restore the image
> + * @invariants: container to store kernel build version
> + * @hartid: to make sure same boot_cpu executing the hibernate/restore code.

nit: s/executing/executes

Also, my OCD is triggered by the inconsistent full stops at EOL.

> + * @saved_satp: original page table used by the hibernated image.
> + * @restore_cpu_addr: the kernel's image address to restore the CPU context.
> + */
> +static struct arch_hibernate_hdr {
> +	struct arch_hibernate_hdr_invariants invariants;
> +	unsigned long	hartid;
> +	unsigned long	saved_satp;
> +	unsigned long	restore_cpu_addr;
> +} resume_hdr;
> +
> +static inline void arch_hdr_invariants(struct arch_hibernate_hdr_invariants *i)
> +{
> +	memset(i, 0, sizeof(*i));
> +	memcpy(i->uts_version, init_utsname()->version, sizeof(i->uts_version));
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Check if the given pfn is in the 'nosave' section.
> + */
> +int pfn_is_nosave(unsigned long pfn)
> +{
> +	unsigned long nosave_begin_pfn = sym_to_pfn(&__nosave_begin);
> +	unsigned long nosave_end_pfn = sym_to_pfn(&__nosave_end - 1);
> +
> +	return ((pfn >= nosave_begin_pfn) && (pfn <= nosave_end_pfn));
> +}
> +
> +void notrace save_processor_state(void)
> +{
> +	WARN_ON(num_online_cpus() != 1);
> +}
> +
> +void notrace restore_processor_state(void)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Helper parameters need to be saved to the hibernation image header.
> + */
> +int arch_hibernation_header_save(void *addr, unsigned int max_size)
> +{
> +	struct arch_hibernate_hdr *hdr = addr;
> +
> +	if (max_size < sizeof(*hdr))
> +		return -EOVERFLOW;
> +
> +	arch_hdr_invariants(&hdr->invariants);
> +
> +	hdr->hartid = cpuid_to_hartid_map(sleep_cpu);
> +	hdr->saved_satp = csr_read(CSR_SATP);
> +	hdr->restore_cpu_addr = (unsigned long)__hibernate_cpu_resume;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(arch_hibernation_header_save);

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(), no? Same below.

> +/*
> + * Retrieve the helper parameters from the hibernation image header
> + */
> +int arch_hibernation_header_restore(void *addr)
> +{
> +	struct arch_hibernate_hdr_invariants invariants;
> +	struct arch_hibernate_hdr *hdr = addr;
> +	int ret = 0;
> +
> +	arch_hdr_invariants(&invariants);
> +
> +	if (memcmp(&hdr->invariants, &invariants, sizeof(invariants))) {
> +		pr_crit("Hibernate image not generated by this kernel!\n");

Out of curiosity more than anything else, why pr_crit()? Copy-paste from
arm64?

> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +
> +	sleep_cpu = riscv_hartid_to_cpuid(hdr->hartid);
> +	if (sleep_cpu < 0) {
> +		pr_crit("Hibernated on a CPU not known to this kernel!\n");
> +		sleep_cpu = -EINVAL;
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> +	ret = bringup_hibernate_cpu(sleep_cpu);
> +	if (ret) {
> +		sleep_cpu = -EINVAL;
> +		return ret;
> +	}
> +#endif
> +	resume_hdr = *hdr;
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(arch_hibernation_header_restore);
> +
> +int swsusp_arch_suspend(void)
> +{
> +	int ret = 0;
> +
> +	if (__cpu_suspend_enter(hibernate_cpu_context)) {
> +		sleep_cpu = smp_processor_id();
> +		suspend_save_csrs(hibernate_cpu_context);
> +		ret = swsusp_save();
> +	} else {
> +		suspend_restore_csrs(hibernate_cpu_context);
> +		flush_tlb_all();
> +
> +		/* Invalidated Icache */

Think this comment can go, no?

> +		flush_icache_all();
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * Tell the hibernation core that we've just restored
> +		 * the memory

I noticed arm64 manipulates the crash kernel in this function too.
How come we don't?

> +		 */
> +		in_suspend = 0;
> +		sleep_cpu = -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +

The page table stuff here is beyond me... Hopefully Alex can take a look!

I noticed arm64's one of these is not gated, what is different about
RISC-V that requires it to be?

> +int hibernate_resume_nonboot_cpu_disable(void)
> +{
> +	if (sleep_cpu < 0) {
> +		pr_err("Failing to resume from hibernate on an unknown CPU.\n");
> +		return -ENODEV;
> +	}
> +
> +	return freeze_secondary_cpus(sleep_cpu);
> +}
> +#endif
> +
> +static int __init riscv_hibernate_init(void)
> +{
> +	hibernate_cpu_context = kcalloc(1, sizeof(struct suspend_context), GFP_KERNEL);
> +
> +	if (WARN_ON(!hibernate_cpu_context))
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}

Thanks,
Conor.

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