[PATCH 1/3] [v3] Kbuild: move to -std=gnu11

From: Arnd Bergmann
Date: Tue Mar 01 2022 - 09:52:54 EST

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From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@xxxxxxxx>

During a patch discussion, Linus brought up the option of changing
the C standard version from gnu89 to gnu99, which allows using variable
declaration inside of a for() loop. While the C99, C11 and later standards
introduce many other features, most of these are already available in
gnu89 as GNU extensions as well.

An earlier attempt to do this when gcc-5 started defaulting to
-std=gnu11 failed because at the time that caused warnings about
designated initializers with older compilers. Now that gcc-5.1 is
the minimum compiler version used for building kernels, that is no
longer a concern. Similarly, the behavior of 'inline' functions changes
between gnu89 using gnu_inline behavior and gnu11 using standard c99+
behavior, but this was taken care of by defining 'inline' to include
__attribute__((gnu_inline)) in order to allow building with clang a
while ago.

One minor issue that remains is an added gcc warning for shifts of
negative integers when building with -Wextra, which happens with the
'make W=1' option, as well as for three drivers in the kernel that always
enable -Wextra, but it was only observed with the i915 driver so far.
To be on the safe side, add -Wno-shift-negative-value to any -Wextra
in a Makefile.

Nathan Chancellor reported an additional -Wdeclaration-after-statement
warning that appears in a system header on arm, this still needs a
workaround.

The differences between gnu99, gnu11, gnu1x and gnu17 are fairly
minimal and mainly impact warnings at the -Wpedantic level that the
kernel never enables. Between these, gnu11 is the newest version
that is supported by all supported compiler versions, though it is
only the default on gcc-5, while all other supported versions of
gcc or clang default to gnu1x/gnu17.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiyCH7xeHcmiFJ-YgXUy2Jaj7pnkdKpcovt8fYbVFW3TA@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx/
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1603
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Acked-by: Marco Elver <elver@xxxxxxxxxx>
Acked-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@xxxxxxxxx>
Acked-by: David Sterba <dsterba@xxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alexs@xxxxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@xxxxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@xxxxxxx>
Cc: linux-kbuild@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: llvm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: linux-doc@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: linux-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@xxxxxxxx>
---
[v3]
- split out USERCFLAGS to a separate patch
- add -Wdeclaration-after-statement patch from Mark Rutland
- leave out C17 reference
- more rewording the descrption

[v2]
- added -std=gnu11 back, rather than just relying on the default
- minor changes to changelog text
---
Documentation/process/programming-language.rst | 6 +++---
.../translations/it_IT/process/programming-language.rst | 4 ++--
.../translations/zh_CN/process/programming-language.rst | 3 +--
.../translations/zh_TW/process/programming-language.rst | 3 +--
Makefile | 4 ++--
arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/Makefile | 2 +-
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile | 1 +
drivers/staging/greybus/tools/Makefile | 3 ++-
fs/btrfs/Makefile | 1 +
scripts/Makefile.extrawarn | 1 +
10 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/process/programming-language.rst b/Documentation/process/programming-language.rst
index ec474a70a02f..5fc9160ca1fa 100644
--- a/Documentation/process/programming-language.rst
+++ b/Documentation/process/programming-language.rst
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Programming Language

The kernel is written in the C programming language [c-language]_.
More precisely, the kernel is typically compiled with ``gcc`` [gcc]_
-under ``-std=gnu89`` [gcc-c-dialect-options]_: the GNU dialect of ISO C90
-(including some C99 features). ``clang`` [clang]_ is also supported, see
-docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
+under ``-std=gnu11`` [gcc-c-dialect-options]_: the GNU dialect of ISO C11.
+``clang`` [clang]_ is also supported, see docs on
+:ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.

This dialect contains many extensions to the language [gnu-extensions]_,
and many of them are used within the kernel as a matter of course.
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/programming-language.rst b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/programming-language.rst
index 41db2598ce11..c1a9b481a6f9 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/programming-language.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/programming-language.rst
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ Linguaggio di programmazione

Il kernel è scritto nel linguaggio di programmazione C [it-c-language]_.
Più precisamente, il kernel viene compilato con ``gcc`` [it-gcc]_ usando
-l'opzione ``-std=gnu89`` [it-gcc-c-dialect-options]_: il dialetto GNU
-dello standard ISO C90 (con l'aggiunta di alcune funzionalità da C99).
+l'opzione ``-std=gnu11`` [it-gcc-c-dialect-options]_: il dialetto GNU
+dello standard ISO C11.
Linux supporta anche ``clang`` [it-clang]_, leggete la documentazione
:ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.

diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/programming-language.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/programming-language.rst
index 2a47a1d2ec20..fabdc338dbfb 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/programming-language.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/programming-language.rst
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
============

内核是用C语言 :ref:`c-language <cn_c-language>` 编写的。更准确地说，内核通常是用 :ref:`gcc <cn_gcc>`
-在 ``-std=gnu89`` :ref:`gcc-c-dialect-options <cn_gcc-c-dialect-options>` 下编译的：ISO C90的 GNU 方言（
-包括一些C99特性）
+在 ``-std=gnu11`` :ref:`gcc-c-dialect-options <cn_gcc-c-dialect-options>` 下编译的：ISO C11的 GNU 方言

这种方言包含对语言 :ref:`gnu-extensions <cn_gnu-extensions>` 的许多扩展，当然，它们许多都在内核中使用。

diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/programming-language.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/programming-language.rst
index 54e3699eadf8..144bdaf81a41 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/programming-language.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/programming-language.rst
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
============

內核是用C語言 :ref:`c-language <tw_c-language>` 編寫的。更準確地說，內核通常是用 :ref:`gcc <tw_gcc>`
-在 ``-std=gnu89`` :ref:`gcc-c-dialect-options <tw_gcc-c-dialect-options>` 下編譯的：ISO C90的 GNU 方言（
-包括一些C99特性）
+在 ``-std=gnu11`` :ref:`gcc-c-dialect-options <tw_gcc-c-dialect-options>` 下編譯的：ISO C11的 GNU 方言

這種方言包含對語言 :ref:`gnu-extensions <tw_gnu-extensions>` 的許多擴展，當然，它們許多都在內核中使用。

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 289ce2be8032..94fa9a849a7a 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS := -Wall -Wundef -Werror=strict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \
-fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fshort-wchar -fno-PIE \
-Werror=implicit-function-declaration -Werror=implicit-int \
-Werror=return-type -Wno-format-security \
- -std=gnu89
+ -std=gnu11
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS := -D__KERNEL__
KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL :=
KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL :=
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(KBUILD_CFLAGS-y) $(CONFIG_CC_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH)

ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -Qunused-arguments
-# The kernel builds with '-std=gnu89' so use of GNU extensions is acceptable.
+# The kernel builds with '-std=gnu11' so use of GNU extensions is acceptable.
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-gnu
# CLANG uses a _MergedGlobals as optimization, but this breaks modpost, as the
# source of a reference will be _MergedGlobals and not on of the whitelisted names.
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/Makefile b/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
index 6c01b63ff56d..9378ea055bf2 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ VDSO_CFLAGS += -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \
-fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common \
-Werror-implicit-function-declaration \
-Wno-format-security \
- -std=gnu89
+ -std=gnu11
VDSO_CFLAGS += -O2
# Some useful compiler-dependent flags from top-level Makefile
VDSO_CFLAGS += $(call cc32-option,-Wdeclaration-after-statement,)
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile
index 1b62b9f65196..1618a6e0af4e 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-unused-parameter
subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-type-limits
subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-sign-compare
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-shift-negative-value
subdir-ccflags-y += $(call cc-disable-warning, unused-but-set-variable)
subdir-ccflags-y += $(call cc-disable-warning, frame-address)
subdir-ccflags-$(CONFIG_DRM_I915_WERROR) += -Werror
diff --git a/drivers/staging/greybus/tools/Makefile b/drivers/staging/greybus/tools/Makefile
index ad0ae8053b79..a3bbd73171f2 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/greybus/tools/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/staging/greybus/tools/Makefile
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wextra -g \
-Wredundant-decls \
-Wcast-align \
-Wsign-compare \
- -Wno-missing-field-initializers
+ -Wno-missing-field-initializers \
+ -Wno-shift-negative-value

CC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc

diff --git a/fs/btrfs/Makefile b/fs/btrfs/Makefile
index 4188ba3fd8c3..99f9995670ea 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/btrfs/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ subdir-ccflags-y += $(condflags)
subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-sign-compare
subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-type-limits
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-shift-negative-value

obj-$(CONFIG_BTRFS_FS) := btrfs.o

diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.extrawarn b/scripts/Makefile.extrawarn
index 8be892887d71..650d0b8ceec3 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.extrawarn
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.extrawarn
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -Wstringop-truncation)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-sign-compare
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-type-limits
+KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-shift-negative-value

KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DKBUILD_EXTRA_WARN1

--
2.29.2

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