RE: [PATCH v4 01/15] vfio/type1: Refactor vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl()

From: Liu, Yi L
Date: Mon Jul 06 2020 - 09:00:23 EST


Hi Eric,

> From: Auger Eric <eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Sent: Monday, July 6, 2020 8:56 PM
>
> Hi Yi,
>
> On 7/6/20 2:27 PM, Liu, Yi L wrote:
> > Hi Eric,
> >
> >> From: Auger Eric <eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx>
> >> Sent: Monday, July 6, 2020 5:34 PM
> >>
> >> Hi Yi,
> >>
> >> On 7/4/20 1:26 PM, Liu Yi L wrote:
> >>> This patch refactors the vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl() to use switch
> >>> instead of if-else, and each cmd got a helper function.
> >> command
> >
> > I see. :-)
> >
> >>>
> >>> Cc: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@xxxxxxxxx>
> >>> CC: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@xxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> Cc: Eric Auger <eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> Cc: Jean-Philippe Brucker <jean-philippe@xxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@xxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> Cc: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> Signed-off-by: Liu Yi L <yi.l.liu@xxxxxxxxx>
> >>> ---
> >>> drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c | 392
> >>> ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
> >>> 1 file changed, 213 insertions(+), 179 deletions(-)
> >>>
> >>> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
> >>> b/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c index 5e556ac..7accb59 100644
> >>> --- a/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
> >>> +++ b/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
> >>> @@ -2453,6 +2453,23 @@ static int
> >>> vfio_domains_have_iommu_cache(struct
> >> vfio_iommu *iommu)
> >>> return ret;
> >>> }
> >>>
> >>> +static int vfio_iommu_type1_check_extension(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
> >>> + unsigned long arg)
> >>> +{
> >>> + switch (arg) {
> >>> + case VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU:
> >>> + case VFIO_TYPE1v2_IOMMU:
> >>> + case VFIO_TYPE1_NESTING_IOMMU:
> >>> + return 1;
> >>> + case VFIO_DMA_CC_IOMMU:
> >>> + if (!iommu)
> >>> + return 0;
> >>> + return vfio_domains_have_iommu_cache(iommu);
> >>> + default:
> >>> + return 0;
> >>> + }
> >>> +}
> >>> +
> >>> static int vfio_iommu_iova_add_cap(struct vfio_info_cap *caps,
> >>> struct vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_iova_range *cap_iovas,
> >>> size_t size)
> >>> @@ -2529,238 +2546,255 @@ static int
> >>> vfio_iommu_migration_build_caps(struct
> >> vfio_iommu *iommu,
> >>> return vfio_info_add_capability(caps, &cap_mig.header,
> >>> sizeof(cap_mig)); }
> >>>
> >>> -static long vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl(void *iommu_data,
> >>> - unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
> >>> +static int vfio_iommu_type1_get_info(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
> >>> + unsigned long arg)
> >>> {
> >>> - struct vfio_iommu *iommu = iommu_data;
> >>> + struct vfio_iommu_type1_info info;
> >>> unsigned long minsz;
> >>> + struct vfio_info_cap caps = { .buf = NULL, .size = 0 };
> >>> + unsigned long capsz;
> >>> + int ret;
> >>>
> >>> - if (cmd == VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION) {
> >>> - switch (arg) {
> >>> - case VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU:
> >>> - case VFIO_TYPE1v2_IOMMU:
> >>> - case VFIO_TYPE1_NESTING_IOMMU:
> >>> - return 1;
> >>> - case VFIO_DMA_CC_IOMMU:
> >>> - if (!iommu)
> >>> - return 0;
> >>> - return vfio_domains_have_iommu_cache(iommu);
> >>> - default:
> >>> - return 0;
> >>> - }
> >>> - } else if (cmd == VFIO_IOMMU_GET_INFO) {
> >>> - struct vfio_iommu_type1_info info;
> >>> - struct vfio_info_cap caps = { .buf = NULL, .size = 0 };
> >>> - unsigned long capsz;
> >>> - int ret;
> >>> -
> >>> - minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_info, iova_pgsizes);
> >>> + minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_info, iova_pgsizes);
> >>>
> >>> - /* For backward compatibility, cannot require this */
> >>> - capsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_info, cap_offset);
> >>> + /* For backward compatibility, cannot require this */
> >>> + capsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_info, cap_offset);
> >>>
> >>> - if (copy_from_user(&info, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
> >>> - return -EFAULT;
> >>> + if (copy_from_user(&info, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
> >>> + return -EFAULT;
> >>>
> >>> - if (info.argsz < minsz)
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> + if (info.argsz < minsz)
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>>
> >>> - if (info.argsz >= capsz) {
> >>> - minsz = capsz;
> >>> - info.cap_offset = 0; /* output, no-recopy necessary */
> >>> - }
> >>> + if (info.argsz >= capsz) {
> >>> + minsz = capsz;
> >>> + info.cap_offset = 0; /* output, no-recopy necessary */
> >>> + }
> >>>
> >>> - mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> - info.flags = VFIO_IOMMU_INFO_PGSIZES;
> >>> + mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + info.flags = VFIO_IOMMU_INFO_PGSIZES;
> >>>
> >>> - info.iova_pgsizes = iommu->pgsize_bitmap;
> >>> + info.iova_pgsizes = iommu->pgsize_bitmap;
> >>>
> >>> - ret = vfio_iommu_migration_build_caps(iommu, &caps);
> >>> + ret = vfio_iommu_migration_build_caps(iommu, &caps);
> >>>
> >>> - if (!ret)
> >>> - ret = vfio_iommu_iova_build_caps(iommu, &caps);
> >>> + if (!ret)
> >>> + ret = vfio_iommu_iova_build_caps(iommu, &caps);
> >>>
> >>> - mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
> >>>
> >>> - if (ret)
> >>> - return ret;
> >>> + if (ret)
> >>> + return ret;
> >>>
> >>> - if (caps.size) {
> >>> - info.flags |= VFIO_IOMMU_INFO_CAPS;
> >>> + if (caps.size) {
> >>> + info.flags |= VFIO_IOMMU_INFO_CAPS;
> >>>
> >>> - if (info.argsz < sizeof(info) + caps.size) {
> >>> - info.argsz = sizeof(info) + caps.size;
> >>> - } else {
> >>> - vfio_info_cap_shift(&caps, sizeof(info));
> >>> - if (copy_to_user((void __user *)arg +
> >>> - sizeof(info), caps.buf,
> >>> - caps.size)) {
> >>> - kfree(caps.buf);
> >>> - return -EFAULT;
> >>> - }
> >>> - info.cap_offset = sizeof(info);
> >>> + if (info.argsz < sizeof(info) + caps.size) {
> >>> + info.argsz = sizeof(info) + caps.size;
> >>> + } else {
> >>> + vfio_info_cap_shift(&caps, sizeof(info));
> >>> + if (copy_to_user((void __user *)arg +
> >>> + sizeof(info), caps.buf,
> >>> + caps.size)) {
> >>> + kfree(caps.buf);
> >>> + return -EFAULT;
> >>> }
> >>> -
> >>> - kfree(caps.buf);
> >>> + info.cap_offset = sizeof(info);
> >>> }
> >>>
> >>> - return copy_to_user((void __user *)arg, &info, minsz) ?
> >>> - -EFAULT : 0;
> >>> + kfree(caps.buf);
> >>> + }
> >>>
> >>> - } else if (cmd == VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA) {
> >>> - struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map map;
> >>> - uint32_t mask = VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_READ |
> >>> - VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_WRITE;
> >>> + return copy_to_user((void __user *)arg, &info, minsz) ?
> >>> + -EFAULT : 0;
> >>> +}
> >>>
> >>> - minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map, size);
> >>> +static int vfio_iommu_type1_map_dma(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
> >>> + unsigned long arg)
> >>> +{
> >>> + struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map map;
> >>> + unsigned long minsz;
> >>> + uint32_t mask = VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_READ |
> >>> + VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_WRITE;
> >> nit: may fit into a single line? other examples below.
> >
> > yes, I can do it.
> >
> >>>
> >>> - if (copy_from_user(&map, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
> >>> - return -EFAULT;
> >>> + minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map, size);
> >>>
> >>> - if (map.argsz < minsz || map.flags & ~mask)
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> + if (copy_from_user(&map, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
> >>> + return -EFAULT;
> >>>
> >>> - return vfio_dma_do_map(iommu, &map);
> >>> + if (map.argsz < minsz || map.flags & ~mask)
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>>
> >>> - } else if (cmd == VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA) {
> >>> - struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap unmap;
> >>> - struct vfio_bitmap bitmap = { 0 };
> >>> - int ret;
> >>> + return vfio_dma_do_map(iommu, &map); }
> >>>
> >>> - minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap, size);
> >>> +static int vfio_iommu_type1_unmap_dma(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
> >>> + unsigned long arg)
> >>> +{
> >>> + struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap unmap;
> >>> + struct vfio_bitmap bitmap = { 0 };
> >>> + unsigned long minsz;
> >>> + long ret;
> >> int?
> >
> > it is "long" in original code. do you want me to change it? I can do
> > it if it's preferred.
>
> I am checking your branch and I think
> "331e33d2960c vfio iommu: Update UNMAP_DMA ioctl to get dirty bitmap before
> unmap"
>
> turned it into an int

oh, yes. it is. thanks for spotting it.

Regards,
Yi Liu

> Thanks
>
> Eric
>
> >
> >>>
> >>> - if (copy_from_user(&unmap, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
> >>> - return -EFAULT;
> >>> + minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap, size);
> >>>
> >>> - if (unmap.argsz < minsz ||
> >>> - unmap.flags & ~VFIO_DMA_UNMAP_FLAG_GET_DIRTY_BITMAP)
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> + if (copy_from_user(&unmap, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
> >>> + return -EFAULT;
> >>>
> >>> - if (unmap.flags & VFIO_DMA_UNMAP_FLAG_GET_DIRTY_BITMAP) {
> >>> - unsigned long pgshift;
> >>> + if (unmap.argsz < minsz ||
> >>> + unmap.flags & ~VFIO_DMA_UNMAP_FLAG_GET_DIRTY_BITMAP)
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>>
> >>> - if (unmap.argsz < (minsz + sizeof(bitmap)))
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> + if (unmap.flags & VFIO_DMA_UNMAP_FLAG_GET_DIRTY_BITMAP) {
> >>> + unsigned long pgshift;
> >>>
> >>> - if (copy_from_user(&bitmap,
> >>> - (void __user *)(arg + minsz),
> >>> - sizeof(bitmap)))
> >>> - return -EFAULT;
> >>> + if (unmap.argsz < (minsz + sizeof(bitmap)))
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>>
> >>> - if (!access_ok((void __user *)bitmap.data, bitmap.size))
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> + if (copy_from_user(&bitmap,
> >>> + (void __user *)(arg + minsz),
> >>> + sizeof(bitmap)))
> >>> + return -EFAULT;
> >>>
> >>> - pgshift = __ffs(bitmap.pgsize);
> >>> - ret = verify_bitmap_size(unmap.size >> pgshift,
> >>> - bitmap.size);
> >>> - if (ret)
> >>> - return ret;
> >>> - }
> >>> + if (!access_ok((void __user *)bitmap.data, bitmap.size))
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>>
> >>> - ret = vfio_dma_do_unmap(iommu, &unmap, &bitmap);
> >>> + pgshift = __ffs(bitmap.pgsize);
> >>> + ret = verify_bitmap_size(unmap.size >> pgshift,
> >>> + bitmap.size);
> >>> if (ret)
> >>> return ret;
> >>> + }
> >>> +
> >>> + ret = vfio_dma_do_unmap(iommu, &unmap, &bitmap);
> >>> + if (ret)
> >>> + return ret;
> >>>
> >>> - return copy_to_user((void __user *)arg, &unmap, minsz) ?
> >>> + return copy_to_user((void __user *)arg, &unmap, minsz) ?
> >>> -EFAULT : 0;
> >>> - } else if (cmd == VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES) {
> >>> - struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap dirty;
> >>> - uint32_t mask = VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_START |
> >>> - VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_STOP |
> >>> - VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_GET_BITMAP;
> >>> - int ret = 0;
> >>> +}
> >>>
> >>> - if (!iommu->v2)
> >>> - return -EACCES;
> >>> +static int vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_pages(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
> >>> + unsigned long arg)
> >>> +{
> >>> + struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap dirty;
> >>> + uint32_t mask = VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_START |
> >>> + VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_STOP |
> >>> + VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_GET_BITMAP;
> >>> + unsigned long minsz;
> >>> + int ret = 0;
> >>>
> >>> - minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap,
> >>> - flags);
> >>> + if (!iommu->v2)
> >>> + return -EACCES;
> >>>
> >>> - if (copy_from_user(&dirty, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
> >>> - return -EFAULT;
> >>> + minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap,
> >>> + flags);
> >> single line?
> >
> > got it.
> >
> >>>
> >>> - if (dirty.argsz < minsz || dirty.flags & ~mask)
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> + if (copy_from_user(&dirty, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
> >>> + return -EFAULT;
> >>> +
> >>> + if (dirty.argsz < minsz || dirty.flags & ~mask)
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>> +
> >>> + /* only one flag should be set at a time */
> >>> + if (__ffs(dirty.flags) != __fls(dirty.flags))
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>> +
> >>> + if (dirty.flags & VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_START) {
> >>> + size_t pgsize;
> >>>
> >>> - /* only one flag should be set at a time */
> >>> - if (__ffs(dirty.flags) != __fls(dirty.flags))
> >>> + mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + pgsize = 1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
> >>> + if (!iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
> >>> + ret = vfio_dma_bitmap_alloc_all(iommu, pgsize);
> >>> + if (!ret)
> >>> + iommu->dirty_page_tracking = true;
> >>> + }
> >>> + mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + return ret;
> >>> + } else if (dirty.flags & VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_STOP) {
> >>> + mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + if (iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
> >>> + iommu->dirty_page_tracking = false;
> >>> + vfio_dma_bitmap_free_all(iommu);
> >>> + }
> >>> + mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + return 0;
> >>> + } else if (dirty.flags &
> >>> + VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_GET_BITMAP) {
> >> single line?
> >
> > yep.
> >
> >>> + struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap_get range;
> >>> + unsigned long pgshift;
> >>> + size_t data_size = dirty.argsz - minsz;
> >>> + size_t iommu_pgsize;
> >>> +
> >>> + if (!data_size || data_size < sizeof(range))
> >>> return -EINVAL;
> >>>
> >>> - if (dirty.flags & VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_START) {
> >>> - size_t pgsize;
> >>> + if (copy_from_user(&range, (void __user *)(arg + minsz),
> >>> + sizeof(range)))
> >>> + return -EFAULT;
> >>>
> >>> - mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> - pgsize = 1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
> >>> - if (!iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
> >>> - ret = vfio_dma_bitmap_alloc_all(iommu, pgsize);
> >>> - if (!ret)
> >>> - iommu->dirty_page_tracking = true;
> >>> - }
> >>> - mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + if (range.iova + range.size < range.iova)
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>> + if (!access_ok((void __user *)range.bitmap.data,
> >>> + range.bitmap.size))
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>> +
> >>> + pgshift = __ffs(range.bitmap.pgsize);
> >>> + ret = verify_bitmap_size(range.size >> pgshift,
> >>> + range.bitmap.size);
> >>> + if (ret)
> >>> return ret;
> >>> - } else if (dirty.flags & VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_STOP) {
> >>> - mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> - if (iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
> >>> - iommu->dirty_page_tracking = false;
> >>> - vfio_dma_bitmap_free_all(iommu);
> >>> - }
> >>> - mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> - return 0;
> >>> - } else if (dirty.flags &
> >>> - VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_GET_BITMAP)
> >> {
> >> idem
> >
> > well received. :-)
> >
> >>> - struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap_get range;
> >>> - unsigned long pgshift;
> >>> - size_t data_size = dirty.argsz - minsz;
> >>> - size_t iommu_pgsize;
> >>> -
> >>> - if (!data_size || data_size < sizeof(range))
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> -
> >>> - if (copy_from_user(&range, (void __user *)(arg + minsz),
> >>> - sizeof(range)))
> >>> - return -EFAULT;
> >>>
> >>> - if (range.iova + range.size < range.iova)
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> - if (!access_ok((void __user *)range.bitmap.data,
> >>> - range.bitmap.size))
> >>> - return -EINVAL;
> >>> + mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
> >>>
> >>> - pgshift = __ffs(range.bitmap.pgsize);
> >>> - ret = verify_bitmap_size(range.size >> pgshift,
> >>> - range.bitmap.size);
> >>> - if (ret)
> >>> - return ret;
> >>> + iommu_pgsize = (size_t)1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
> >>>
> >>> - mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + /* allow only smallest supported pgsize */
> >>> + if (range.bitmap.pgsize != iommu_pgsize) {
> >>> + ret = -EINVAL;
> >>> + goto out_unlock;
> >>> + }
> >>> + if (range.iova & (iommu_pgsize - 1)) {
> >>> + ret = -EINVAL;
> >>> + goto out_unlock;
> >>> + }
> >>> + if (!range.size || range.size & (iommu_pgsize - 1)) {
> >>> + ret = -EINVAL;
> >>> + goto out_unlock;
> >>> + }
> >>>
> >>> - iommu_pgsize = (size_t)1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
> >>> + if (iommu->dirty_page_tracking)
> >>> + ret = vfio_iova_dirty_bitmap(range.bitmap.data,
> >>> + iommu, range.iova, range.size,
> >>> + range.bitmap.pgsize);
> >>> + else
> >>> + ret = -EINVAL;
> >>> +out_unlock:
> >>> + mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
> >>>
> >>> - /* allow only smallest supported pgsize */
> >>> - if (range.bitmap.pgsize != iommu_pgsize) {
> >>> - ret = -EINVAL;
> >>> - goto out_unlock;
> >>> - }
> >>> - if (range.iova & (iommu_pgsize - 1)) {
> >>> - ret = -EINVAL;
> >>> - goto out_unlock;
> >>> - }
> >>> - if (!range.size || range.size & (iommu_pgsize - 1)) {
> >>> - ret = -EINVAL;
> >>> - goto out_unlock;
> >>> - }
> >>> + return ret;
> >>> + }
> >>>
> >>> - if (iommu->dirty_page_tracking)
> >>> - ret = vfio_iova_dirty_bitmap(range.bitmap.data,
> >>> - iommu, range.iova, range.size,
> >>> - range.bitmap.pgsize);
> >>> - else
> >>> - ret = -EINVAL;
> >>> -out_unlock:
> >>> - mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
> >>> + return -EINVAL;
> >>> +}
> >>>
> >>> - return ret;
> >>> - }
> >>> +static long vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl(void *iommu_data,
> >>> + unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) {
> >>> + struct vfio_iommu *iommu = iommu_data;
> >>> +
> >>> + switch (cmd) {
> >>> + case VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION:
> >>> + return vfio_iommu_type1_check_extension(iommu, arg);
> >>> + case VFIO_IOMMU_GET_INFO:
> >>> + return vfio_iommu_type1_get_info(iommu, arg);
> >>> + case VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA:
> >>> + return vfio_iommu_type1_map_dma(iommu, arg);
> >>> + case VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA:
> >>> + return vfio_iommu_type1_unmap_dma(iommu, arg);
> >>> + case VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES:
> >>> + return vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_pages(iommu, arg);
> >> default:
> >> return -ENOTTY; ?
> >
> > got it.
> >
> >>> }
> >>>
> >>> return -ENOTTY;
> >>>
> >>
> >> Besides
> >> Reviewed-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx>
> >
> > thanks.
> >
> > Regards,
> > Yi Liu
> >
> >> Thanks
> >>
> >> Eric
> >