[RESEND PATCH v3 1/n] perf/core: addressing 4x slowdown during per-process profiling of STREAM benchmark on Intel Xeon Phi

From: Alexey Budankov
Date: Thu Jun 15 2017 - 19:05:06 EST

perf/core: use rb trees for pinned/flexible groups

By default, the userspace perf tool opens per-cpu task-bound events
when sampling, so for N logical events requested by the user, the tool
will open N * NR_CPUS events.

In the kernel, we mux events with a hrtimer, periodically rotating the
flexible group list and trying to schedule each group in turn. We skip groups whose cpu filter doesn't match. So when we get unlucky, we can walk N * (NR_CPUS - 1) groups pointlessly for each hrtimer invocation.

This has been observed to result in significant overhead when running
the STREAM benchmark on 272 core Xeon Phi systems.

One way to avoid this is to place our events into an rb tree sorted by
CPU filter, so that our hrtimer can skip to the current CPU's
list and ignore everything else.

As a step towards that, this patch replaces event group lists with rb
trees.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/perf_event.h | 18 ++-
kernel/events/core.c | 393 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
2 files changed, 307 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)

Addressed Mark Rutland's comments from the previous patch version.

diff --git a/include/linux/perf_event.h b/include/linux/perf_event.h
index 24a6358..c9203d7 100644
--- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
+++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
@@ -574,6 +574,20 @@ struct perf_event {
struct list_head sibling_list;

/*
+ * Node on the pinned or flexible tree located at the event context;
+ * the node may be empty in case its event is not directly attached
+ * to the tree but to group_list list of the event directly
+ * attached to the tree;
+ */
+ struct rb_node group_node;
+ /*
+ * List keeps groups allocated for the same cpu;
+ * the list may be empty in case its event is not directly
+ * attached to the tree but to group_list list of the event directly
+ * attached to the tree;
+ */
+ struct list_head group_list;
+ /*
* We need storage to track the entries in perf_pmu_migrate_context; we
* cannot use the event_entry because of RCU and we want to keep the
* group in tact which avoids us using the other two entries.
@@ -741,8 +755,8 @@ struct perf_event_context {
struct mutex mutex;

struct list_head active_ctx_list;
- struct list_head pinned_groups;
- struct list_head flexible_groups;
+ struct rb_root pinned_groups;
+ struct rb_root flexible_groups;
struct list_head event_list;
int nr_events;
int nr_active;
diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index bc63f8d..2ba055d 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -1458,8 +1458,8 @@ static enum event_type_t get_event_type(struct perf_event *event)
return event_type;
}

-static struct list_head *
-ctx_group_list(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
+static struct rb_root *
+ctx_group_cpu_tree(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
if (event->attr.pinned)
return &ctx->pinned_groups;
@@ -1468,6 +1468,144 @@ ctx_group_list(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
}

/*
+ * Insert a group into a tree using event->cpu as a key. If event->cpu node
+ * is already attached to the tree then the event is added to the attached
+ * group's group_list list.
+ */
+static void
+perf_cpu_tree_insert(struct rb_root *tree, struct perf_event *event)
+{
+ struct rb_node **node;
+ struct rb_node *parent;
+
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(!tree || !event);
+
+ node = &tree->rb_node;
+ parent = *node;
+
+ while (*node) {
+ struct perf_event *node_event = container_of(*node,
+ struct perf_event, group_node);
+
+ parent = *node;
+
+ if (event->cpu < node_event->cpu) {
+ node = &parent->rb_left;
+ } else if (event->cpu > node_event->cpu) {
+ node = &parent->rb_right;
+ } else {
+ list_add_tail(&event->group_entry,
+ &node_event->group_list);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ list_add_tail(&event->group_entry, &event->group_list);
+
+ rb_link_node(&event->group_node, parent, node);
+ rb_insert_color(&event->group_node, tree);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Delete a group from a tree. If the group is directly attached to the tree
+ * it also detaches all groups on the group's group_list list.
+ */
+static void
+perf_cpu_tree_delete(struct rb_root *tree, struct perf_event *event)
+{
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(!tree || !event);
+
+ if (RB_EMPTY_NODE(&event->group_node)) {
+ list_del_init(&event->group_entry);
+ } else {
+ struct perf_event *list_event, *list_next;
+
+ rb_erase(&event->group_node, tree);
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(list_event, list_next,
+ &event->group_list, group_entry)
+ list_del_init(&list_event->group_entry);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find group_list list by a cpu key and call provided callback for every
+ * group on the list. Iteration stops if the callback returns non zero.
+ */
+
+typedef int (*perf_cpu_tree_callback_t)(struct perf_event *, void *);
+
+static int
+perf_cpu_tree_iterate_cpu(struct rb_root *tree, int cpu,
+ perf_cpu_tree_callback_t callback, void *data)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+ struct rb_node *node;
+ struct perf_event *event;
+
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(!tree);
+
+ node = tree->rb_node;
+
+ while (node) {
+ struct perf_event *node_event = container_of(node,
+ struct perf_event, group_node);
+
+ if (cpu < node_event->cpu) {
+ node = node->rb_left;
+ } else if (cpu > node_event->cpu) {
+ node = node->rb_right;
+ } else {
+ list_for_each_entry(event, &node_event->group_list,
+ group_entry) {
+ ret = callback(event, data);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate a tree and call provided callback for every group in the tree.
+ * Iteration stops if the callback returns non zero.
+ */
+static int
+perf_cpu_tree_iterate(struct rb_root *tree,
+ perf_cpu_tree_callback_t callback, void *data)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+ struct rb_node *node;
+ struct perf_event *event;
+
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(!tree);
+
+ for (node = rb_first(tree); node; node = rb_next(node)) {
+ struct perf_event *node_event = container_of(node,
+ struct perf_event, group_node);
+
+ list_for_each_entry(event, &node_event->group_list,
+ group_entry) {
+ ret = callback(event, data);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+add_to_groups(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
+{
+ struct rb_root *tree;
+
+ tree = ctx_group_cpu_tree(event, ctx);
+ perf_cpu_tree_insert(tree, event);
+}
+
+/*
* Add a event from the lists for its context.
* Must be called with ctx->mutex and ctx->lock held.
*/
@@ -1485,12 +1623,8 @@ list_add_event(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
* perf_group_detach can, at all times, locate all siblings.
*/
if (event->group_leader == event) {
- struct list_head *list;
-
event->group_caps = event->event_caps;
-
- list = ctx_group_list(event, ctx);
- list_add_tail(&event->group_entry, list);
+ add_to_groups(event, ctx);
}

list_update_cgroup_event(event, ctx, true);
@@ -1654,6 +1788,15 @@ static void perf_group_attach(struct perf_event *event)
perf_event__header_size(pos);
}

+static void
+del_from_groups(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
+{
+ struct rb_root *tree;
+
+ tree = ctx_group_cpu_tree(event, ctx);
+ perf_cpu_tree_delete(tree, event);
+}
+
/*
* Remove a event from the lists for its context.
* Must be called with ctx->mutex and ctx->lock held.
@@ -1681,7 +1824,7 @@ list_del_event(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event_context *ctx)
list_del_rcu(&event->event_entry);

if (event->group_leader == event)
- list_del_init(&event->group_entry);
+ del_from_groups(event, ctx);

update_group_times(event);

@@ -2699,12 +2842,80 @@ int perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_refresh);

+static void
+sched_in_group(struct perf_event *event,
+ struct perf_event_context *ctx,
+ struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
+ int *can_add_hw)
+{
+ /* Ignore events in OFF or ERROR state and
+ * listen to the 'cpu' scheduling filter constraint
+ * of events:
+ */
+ if (event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF || !event_filter_match(event))
+ return;
+
+ /* may need to reset tstamp_enabled */
+ if (is_cgroup_event(event))
+ perf_cgroup_mark_enabled(event, ctx);
+
+ if (group_can_go_on(event, cpuctx, *can_add_hw)) {
+ if (group_sched_in(event, cpuctx, ctx))
+ *can_add_hw = 0;
+ }
+}
+
+struct group_sched_params {
+ struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx;
+ struct perf_event_context *ctx;
+ int can_add_hw;
+};
+
+static int
+group_sched_in_pinned_callback(struct perf_event *event, void *data)
+{
+ struct group_sched_params *params = data;
+ int can_add_hw = 1;
+
+ sched_in_group(event, params->ctx, params->cpuctx, &can_add_hw);
+
+ if (!can_add_hw) {
+ update_group_times(event);
+ event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_ERROR;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+group_sched_in_flexible_callback(struct perf_event *event, void *data)
+{
+ struct group_sched_params *params = data;
+
+ sched_in_group(event, params->ctx, params->cpuctx,
+ &params->can_add_hw);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int group_sched_out_callback(struct perf_event *event, void *data)
+{
+ struct group_sched_params *params = data;
+
+ group_sched_out(event, params->cpuctx, params->ctx);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
static void ctx_sched_out(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
enum event_type_t event_type)
{
int is_active = ctx->is_active;
- struct perf_event *event;
+ struct group_sched_params params = {
+ .cpuctx = cpuctx,
+ .ctx = ctx
+ };

lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

@@ -2750,15 +2961,15 @@ static void ctx_sched_out(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
return;

perf_pmu_disable(ctx->pmu);
- if (is_active & EVENT_PINNED) {
- list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->pinned_groups, group_entry)
- group_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
- }

- if (is_active & EVENT_FLEXIBLE) {
- list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->flexible_groups, group_entry)
- group_sched_out(event, cpuctx, ctx);
- }
+ if (is_active & EVENT_PINNED)
+ perf_cpu_tree_iterate(&ctx->pinned_groups,
+ group_sched_out_callback, &params);
+
+ if (is_active & EVENT_FLEXIBLE)
+ perf_cpu_tree_iterate(&ctx->flexible_groups,
+ group_sched_out_callback, &params);
+
perf_pmu_enable(ctx->pmu);
}

@@ -3052,72 +3263,18 @@ static void cpu_ctx_sched_out(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
}

static void
-ctx_pinned_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
- struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
-{
- struct perf_event *event;
-
- list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->pinned_groups, group_entry) {
- if (event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
- continue;
- if (!event_filter_match(event))
- continue;
-
- /* may need to reset tstamp_enabled */
- if (is_cgroup_event(event))
- perf_cgroup_mark_enabled(event, ctx);
-
- if (group_can_go_on(event, cpuctx, 1))
- group_sched_in(event, cpuctx, ctx);
-
- /*
- * If this pinned group hasn't been scheduled,
- * put it in error state.
- */
- if (event->state == PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE) {
- update_group_times(event);
- event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_ERROR;
- }
- }
-}
-
-static void
-ctx_flexible_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
- struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
-{
- struct perf_event *event;
- int can_add_hw = 1;
-
- list_for_each_entry(event, &ctx->flexible_groups, group_entry) {
- /* Ignore events in OFF or ERROR state */
- if (event->state <= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
- continue;
- /*
- * Listen to the 'cpu' scheduling filter constraint
- * of events:
- */
- if (!event_filter_match(event))
- continue;
-
- /* may need to reset tstamp_enabled */
- if (is_cgroup_event(event))
- perf_cgroup_mark_enabled(event, ctx);
-
- if (group_can_go_on(event, cpuctx, can_add_hw)) {
- if (group_sched_in(event, cpuctx, ctx))
- can_add_hw = 0;
- }
- }
-}
-
-static void
ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
enum event_type_t event_type,
struct task_struct *task)
{
int is_active = ctx->is_active;
- u64 now;
+ struct group_sched_params params = {
+ .cpuctx = cpuctx,
+ .ctx = ctx,
+ .can_add_hw = 1
+
+ };

lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->lock);

@@ -3136,8 +3293,7 @@ ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,

if (is_active & EVENT_TIME) {
/* start ctx time */
- now = perf_clock();
- ctx->timestamp = now;
+ ctx->timestamp = perf_clock();
perf_cgroup_set_timestamp(task, ctx);
}

@@ -3146,11 +3302,13 @@ ctx_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
* in order to give them the best chance of going on.
*/
if (is_active & EVENT_PINNED)
- ctx_pinned_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx);
+ perf_cpu_tree_iterate(&ctx->pinned_groups,
+ group_sched_in_pinned_callback, &params);

/* Then walk through the lower prio flexible groups */
if (is_active & EVENT_FLEXIBLE)
- ctx_flexible_sched_in(ctx, cpuctx);
+ perf_cpu_tree_iterate(&ctx->flexible_groups,
+ group_sched_in_flexible_callback, &params);
}

static void cpu_ctx_sched_in(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
@@ -3181,7 +3339,7 @@ static void perf_event_context_sched_in(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
* However, if task's ctx is not carrying any pinned
* events, no need to flip the cpuctx's events around.
*/
- if (!list_empty(&ctx->pinned_groups))
+ if (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&ctx->pinned_groups))
cpu_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, EVENT_FLEXIBLE);
perf_event_sched_in(cpuctx, ctx, task);
perf_pmu_enable(ctx->pmu);
@@ -3410,14 +3568,25 @@ static void perf_adjust_freq_unthr_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
/*
* Round-robin a context's events:
*/
+static int rotate_ctx_callback(struct perf_event *event, void *data)
+{
+ list_rotate_left(&event->group_list);
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
static void rotate_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
/*
* Rotate the first entry last of non-pinned groups. Rotation might be
* disabled by the inheritance code.
*/
- if (!ctx->rotate_disable)
- list_rotate_left(&ctx->flexible_groups);
+ if (!ctx->rotate_disable) {
+ perf_cpu_tree_iterate_cpu(&ctx->flexible_groups,
+ -1, rotate_ctx_callback, NULL);
+ perf_cpu_tree_iterate_cpu(&ctx->flexible_groups,
+ smp_processor_id(), rotate_ctx_callback, NULL);
+ }
}

static int perf_rotate_context(struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx)
@@ -3743,8 +3912,8 @@ static void __perf_event_init_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
raw_spin_lock_init(&ctx->lock);
mutex_init(&ctx->mutex);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->active_ctx_list);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->pinned_groups);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->flexible_groups);
+ ctx->pinned_groups = RB_ROOT;
+ ctx->flexible_groups = RB_ROOT;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->event_list);
atomic_set(&ctx->refcount, 1);
}
@@ -9377,6 +9546,8 @@ perf_event_alloc(struct perf_event_attr *attr, int cpu,
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&event->child_list);

INIT_LIST_HEAD(&event->group_entry);
+ RB_CLEAR_NODE(&event->group_node);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&event->group_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&event->event_entry);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&event->sibling_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&event->rb_entry);
@@ -10816,6 +10987,23 @@ inherit_task_group(struct perf_event *event, struct task_struct *parent,
return ret;
}

+struct inherit_task_group_params {
+ struct task_struct *parent;
+ struct perf_event_context *parent_ctx;
+ struct task_struct *child;
+ int ctxn;
+ int inherited_all;
+};
+
+static int
+inherit_task_group_callback(struct perf_event *event, void *data)
+{
+ struct inherit_task_group_params *params = data;
+
+ return inherit_task_group(event, params->parent, params->parent_ctx,
+ params->child, params->ctxn, &params->inherited_all);
+}
+
/*
* Initialize the perf_event context in task_struct
*/
@@ -10823,11 +11011,15 @@ static int perf_event_init_context(struct task_struct *child, int ctxn)
{
struct perf_event_context *child_ctx, *parent_ctx;
struct perf_event_context *cloned_ctx;
- struct perf_event *event;
struct task_struct *parent = current;
- int inherited_all = 1;
unsigned long flags;
int ret = 0;
+ struct inherit_task_group_params params = {
+ .parent = parent,
+ .child = child,
+ .ctxn = ctxn,
+ .inherited_all = 1
+ };

if (likely(!parent->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn]))
return 0;
@@ -10839,7 +11031,8 @@ static int perf_event_init_context(struct task_struct *child, int ctxn)
parent_ctx = perf_pin_task_context(parent, ctxn);
if (!parent_ctx)
return 0;
-
+ else
+ params.parent_ctx = parent_ctx;
/*
* No need to check if parent_ctx != NULL here; since we saw
* it non-NULL earlier, the only reason for it to become NULL
@@ -10857,12 +11050,10 @@ static int perf_event_init_context(struct task_struct *child, int ctxn)
* We dont have to disable NMIs - we are only looking at
* the list, not manipulating it:
*/
- list_for_each_entry(event, &parent_ctx->pinned_groups, group_entry) {
- ret = inherit_task_group(event, parent, parent_ctx,
- child, ctxn, &inherited_all);
- if (ret)
- goto out_unlock;
- }
+ ret = perf_cpu_tree_iterate(&parent_ctx->pinned_groups,
+ inherit_task_group_callback, &params);
+ if (ret)
+ goto out_unlock;

/*
* We can't hold ctx->lock when iterating the ->flexible_group list due
@@ -10873,19 +11064,17 @@ static int perf_event_init_context(struct task_struct *child, int ctxn)
parent_ctx->rotate_disable = 1;
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&parent_ctx->lock, flags);

- list_for_each_entry(event, &parent_ctx->flexible_groups, group_entry) {
- ret = inherit_task_group(event, parent, parent_ctx,
- child, ctxn, &inherited_all);
- if (ret)
- goto out_unlock;
- }
+ ret = perf_cpu_tree_iterate(&parent_ctx->flexible_groups,
+ inherit_task_group_callback, &params);
+ if (ret)
+ goto out_unlock;

raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&parent_ctx->lock, flags);
parent_ctx->rotate_disable = 0;

child_ctx = child->perf_event_ctxp[ctxn];

- if (child_ctx && inherited_all) {
+ if (child_ctx && params.inherited_all) {
/*
* Mark the child context as a clone of the parent
* context, or of whatever the parent is a clone of.