[PATCH 2/3] [RFC] nmi_watchdog: new implementation using perf events

From: Don Zickus
Date: Wed Jan 27 2010 - 15:04:27 EST


This is a new generic nmi_watchdog implementation using the perf events
infrastructure as suggested by Ingo.

The implementation is simple, just create an in-kernel perf event and register
an overflow handler to check for cpu lockups. I created a generic implementation
that lives in kernel/ and the hardware specific part that for now lives in arch/x86.

I have done light testing to make sure the framework works correctly and it does.
Correctly detecting hardlocks is still a work in progress, though it should work,
I am having trouble proving it through testing.

Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c | 114 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
kernel/nmi_watchdog.c | 196 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 310 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
create mode 100644 kernel/nmi_watchdog.c

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c0e6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * HW NMI watchdog support
+ *
+ * started by Don Zickus, Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * Arch specific calls to support NMI watchdog
+ *
+ * Bits copied from original nmi.c file
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <asm/apic.h>
+#include <linux/smp.h>
+#include <linux/cpumask.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
+#include <linux/cpumask.h>
+#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
+#include <asm/mce.h>
+
+#include <linux/nmi.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+
+/* For reliability, we're prepared to waste bits here. */
+static DECLARE_BITMAP(backtrace_mask, NR_CPUS) __read_mostly;
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned, last_irq_sum);
+
+/*
+ * Take the local apic timer and PIT/HPET into account. We don't
+ * know which one is active, when we have highres/dyntick on
+ */
+static inline unsigned int get_timer_irqs(int cpu)
+{
+ return per_cpu(irq_stat, cpu).apic_timer_irqs +
+ per_cpu(irq_stat, cpu).irq0_irqs;
+}
+
+static inline int mce_in_progress(void)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_X86_MCE)
+ return atomic_read(&mce_entry) > 0;
+#endif
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int hw_nmi_is_cpu_stuck(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ unsigned int sum;
+ int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+
+ /* FIXME: cheap hack for this check, probably should get its own
+ * die_notifier handler
+ */
+ if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, to_cpumask(backtrace_mask))) {
+ static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(lock); /* Serialise the printks */
+
+ spin_lock(&lock);
+ printk(KERN_WARNING "NMI backtrace for cpu %d\n", cpu);
+ show_regs(regs);
+ dump_stack();
+ spin_unlock(&lock);
+ cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, to_cpumask(backtrace_mask));
+ }
+
+ /* if we are doing an mce, just assume the cpu is not stuck */
+ /* Could check oops_in_progress here too, but it's safer not to */
+ if (mce_in_progress())
+ return 0;
+
+ /* We determine if the cpu is stuck by checking whether any
+ * interrupts have happened since we last checked. Of course
+ * an nmi storm could create false positives, but the higher
+ * level logic should account for that
+ */
+ sum = get_timer_irqs(cpu);
+ if (__get_cpu_var(last_irq_sum) == sum) {
+ return 1;
+ } else {
+ __get_cpu_var(last_irq_sum) = sum;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+void arch_trigger_all_cpu_backtrace(void)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ cpumask_copy(to_cpumask(backtrace_mask), cpu_online_mask);
+
+ printk(KERN_INFO "sending NMI to all CPUs:\n");
+ apic->send_IPI_all(NMI_VECTOR);
+
+ /* Wait for up to 10 seconds for all CPUs to do the backtrace */
+ for (i = 0; i < 10 * 1000; i++) {
+ if (cpumask_empty(to_cpumask(backtrace_mask)))
+ break;
+ mdelay(1);
+ }
+}
+
+/* STUB calls to mimic old nmi_watchdog behaviour */
+unsigned int nmi_watchdog = NMI_NONE;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nmi_watchdog);
+atomic_t nmi_active = ATOMIC_INIT(0); /* oprofile uses this */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nmi_active);
+int nmi_watchdog_enabled;
+int unknown_nmi_panic;
+void cpu_nmi_set_wd_enabled(void) { return; }
+void acpi_nmi_enable(void) { return; }
+void acpi_nmi_disable(void) { return; }
+void stop_apic_nmi_watchdog(void *unused) { return; }
+void setup_apic_nmi_watchdog(void *unused) { return; }
+int __init check_nmi_watchdog(void) { return 0; }
diff --git a/kernel/nmi_watchdog.c b/kernel/nmi_watchdog.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e5697e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/nmi_watchdog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Detect Hard Lockups using the NMI
+ *
+ * started by Don Zickus, Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * this code detects hard lockups: incidents in where on a CPU
+ * the kernel does not respond to anything except NMI.
+ *
+ * Note: Most of this code is borrowed heavily from softlockup.c,
+ * so thanks to Ingo for the initial implementation.
+ * Some chunks also taken from arch/x86/kernel/apic/nmi.c, thanks
+ * to those contributors as well.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/nmi.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/freezer.h>
+#include <linux/lockdep.h>
+#include <linux/notifier.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/sysctl.h>
+
+#include <asm/irq_regs.h>
+#include <linux/perf_event.h>
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_event *, nmi_watchdog_ev);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, nmi_watchdog_touch);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long, alert_counter);
+
+/* arbituary number that updates every ~5 seconds */
+int __read_mostly hardlockup_thresh = 10000000;
+
+void touch_nmi_watchdog(void)
+{
+ __raw_get_cpu_var(nmi_watchdog_touch) = 1;
+ touch_softlockup_watchdog();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(touch_nmi_watchdog);
+
+void touch_all_nmi_watchdog(void)
+{
+ int cpu;
+
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_touch, cpu) = 1;
+ touch_softlockup_watchdog();
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
+/*
+ * proc handler for /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog
+ */
+int proc_nmi_enabled(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
+ void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+ int cpu;
+
+ if (per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_ev, smp_processor_id()) == NULL)
+ nmi_watchdog_enabled = 0;
+ else
+ nmi_watchdog_enabled = 1;
+
+ touch_all_nmi_watchdog();
+ proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
+ if (nmi_watchdog_enabled)
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ perf_event_enable(per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_ev, cpu));
+ else
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ perf_event_disable(per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_ev, cpu));
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
+
+struct perf_event_attr wd_attr = {
+ .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
+ .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
+ .size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr),
+ .pinned = 1,
+ .disabled = 1,
+};
+
+static int panic_on_timeout;
+
+void wd_overflow(struct perf_event *event, int nmi,
+ struct perf_sample_data *data,
+ struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+ int touched = 0;
+
+ if (__get_cpu_var(nmi_watchdog_touch)) {
+ per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_touch, cpu) = 0;
+ touched = 1;
+ }
+
+ /* check to see if the cpu is doing anything */
+ if (!touched && hw_nmi_is_cpu_stuck(regs)) {
+ /*
+ * Ayiee, looks like this CPU is stuck ...
+ * wait a few IRQs (5 seconds) before doing the oops ...
+ */
+ per_cpu(alert_counter,cpu) += 1;
+ printk(KERN_EMERG "DONNMI: %d - ac %ld\n", cpu, per_cpu(alert_counter,cpu));
+ if (per_cpu(alert_counter,cpu) == (HZ)) {
+ /*
+ * die_nmi will return ONLY if NOTIFY_STOP happens..
+ */
+ die_nmi("BUG: DONNMI Watchdog detected LOCKUP",
+ regs, panic_on_timeout);
+ }
+ } else {
+ per_cpu(alert_counter,cpu) = 0;
+ }
+
+ return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create/destroy watchdog threads as CPUs come and go:
+ */
+static int __cpuinit
+cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
+{
+ int hotcpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;
+ struct perf_event *event;
+
+ switch (action) {
+ case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
+ case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
+ per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_touch, hotcpu) = 0;
+ break;
+ case CPU_ONLINE:
+ case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
+ /* below line should be moved up but compiler doesn't like that, probably the union */
+ wd_attr.sample_period = hardlockup_thresh;
+ /* originally wanted the below chunk to be in CPU_UP_PREPARE, but caps is unpriv for non-CPU0 */
+ event = perf_event_create_kernel_counter(&wd_attr, hotcpu, -1, wd_overflow);
+ if (IS_ERR(event)) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "nmi watchdog failed to create perf event on %i: %p\n", hotcpu, event);
+ return NOTIFY_BAD;
+ }
+ per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_ev, hotcpu) = event;
+ perf_event_enable(per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_ev, hotcpu));
+ break;
+#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
+ case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
+ case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
+ perf_event_disable(per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_ev, hotcpu));
+ case CPU_DEAD:
+ case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
+ event = per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_ev, hotcpu);
+ per_cpu(nmi_watchdog_ev, hotcpu) = NULL;
+ perf_event_release_kernel(event);
+ break;
+#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
+ }
+ return NOTIFY_OK;
+}
+
+static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata cpu_nfb = {
+ .notifier_call = cpu_callback
+};
+
+static int __initdata nonmi_watchdog;
+
+static int __init nonmi_watchdog_setup(char *str)
+{
+ nonmi_watchdog = 1;
+ return 1;
+}
+__setup("nonmi_watchdog", nonmi_watchdog_setup);
+
+static int __init spawn_nmi_watchdog_task(void)
+{
+ void *cpu = (void *)(long)smp_processor_id();
+ int err;
+
+ if (nonmi_watchdog)
+ return 0;
+
+ err = cpu_callback(&cpu_nfb, CPU_UP_PREPARE, cpu);
+ if (err == NOTIFY_BAD) {
+ BUG();
+ return 1;
+ }
+ cpu_callback(&cpu_nfb, CPU_ONLINE, cpu);
+ register_cpu_notifier(&cpu_nfb);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+early_initcall(spawn_nmi_watchdog_task);
--
1.6.5.2

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