[PATCH -v2 9/9] x86: handle HW IOMMU initialization failure gracely

[FUJITA Tomonori]

If HW IOMMU initialization fails (Intel VT-d often does typically due
to BIOS bugs), we fall back to nommu. It doesn't work for the majority
since nowadays we have more than 4GB memory so we must use swiotlb
instead of nommu.

The problem is that it's too late to initialize swiotlb when HW IOMMU
initialization fails. We need to allocate swiotlb memory earlier from
bootmem allocator. Chris explained the issue in detail:

http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=125657444317079&w=2

The current x86 IOMMU initialization sequence is too complicated and
handling the above issue makes it more hacky.

This patch changes x86 IOMMU initialization sequence to handle the
above issue cleanly.

The new x86 IOMMU initialization sequence are:

1. initializing swiotlb (and setting swiotlb to 1) in the case of
(max_pfn > MAX_DMA32_PFN && !no_iommu). dma_ops is set to
swiotlb_dma_ops or nommu_dma_ops. if swiotlb usage is forced by the
boot option, we finish here.

2. calling the detection functions of all the IOMMUs

3. the detection function sets x86_init.iommu.iommu_init to the IOMMU
initialization function (so we can avoid calling the initialization
functions of all the IOMMUs needlessly).

4. if the IOMMU initialization function doesn't need to swiotlb then
sets swiotlb to zero (e.g. the initialization is sucessful).

5. if we find that swiotlb is set to zero, we free swiotlb resource.

Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/iommu.h     |    1 -
 arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu.c      |    2 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu_init.c |    2 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c    |    2 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/pci-calgary_64.c |   10 +---------
 arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c        |   21 +++++++++++++--------
 arch/x86/kernel/pci-gart_64.c    |    1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c      |    9 ---------
 arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c    |    7 +++----
 drivers/pci/dmar.c               |    3 +--
 drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c        |    4 ++--
 lib/swiotlb.c                    |    4 +++-
 12 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/iommu.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/iommu.h
index 878b307..df42a71 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/iommu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/iommu.h
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #define _ASM_X86_IOMMU_H
 
 static inline void iommu_shutdown_noop(void) {}
-extern void no_iommu_init(void);
 extern struct dma_map_ops nommu_dma_ops;
 extern int force_iommu, no_iommu;
 extern int iommu_detected;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu.c b/arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu.c
index 0285521..66237fd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu.c
@@ -2110,8 +2110,8 @@ int __init amd_iommu_init_dma_ops(void)
 		prealloc_protection_domains();
 
 	iommu_detected = 1;
-	force_iommu = 1;
 	bad_dma_address = 0;
+	swiotlb = 0;
 #ifdef CONFIG_GART_IOMMU
 	gart_iommu_aperture_disabled = 1;
 	gart_iommu_aperture = 0;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu_init.c b/arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu_init.c
index c41aabd..0d4581e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu_init.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/amd_iommu_init.c
@@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ static int __init early_amd_iommu_detect(struct acpi_table_header *table)
 
 void __init amd_iommu_detect(void)
 {
-	if (swiotlb || no_iommu || (iommu_detected && !gart_iommu_aperture))
+	if (no_iommu || (iommu_detected && !gart_iommu_aperture))
 		return;
 
 	if (acpi_table_parse("IVRS", early_amd_iommu_detect) == 0) {
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
index 03933cf..e0dfb68 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ out:
 
 	if (aper_alloc) {
 		/* Got the aperture from the AGP bridge */
-	} else if (swiotlb && !valid_agp) {
+	} else if (!valid_agp) {
 		/* Do nothing */
 	} else if ((!no_iommu && max_pfn > MAX_DMA32_PFN) ||
 		   force_iommu ||
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-calgary_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-calgary_64.c
index 47bd419..833f491 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-calgary_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-calgary_64.c
@@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@ void __init detect_calgary(void)
 	 * if the user specified iommu=off or iommu=soft or we found
 	 * another HW IOMMU already, bail out.
 	 */
-	if (swiotlb || no_iommu || iommu_detected)
+	if (no_iommu || iommu_detected)
 		return;
 
 	if (!use_calgary)
@@ -1445,10 +1445,6 @@ void __init detect_calgary(void)
 		printk(KERN_INFO "PCI-DMA: Calgary TCE table spec is %d\n",
 		       specified_table_size);
 
-		/* swiotlb for devices that aren't behind the Calgary. */
-		if (max_pfn > MAX_DMA32_PFN)
-			swiotlb = 1;
-
 		x86_init.iommu.iommu_init = calgary_iommu_init;
 	}
 	return;
@@ -1476,11 +1472,7 @@ int __init calgary_iommu_init(void)
 		return ret;
 	}
 
-	force_iommu = 1;
 	bad_dma_address = 0x0;
-	/* dma_ops is set to swiotlb or nommu */
-	if (!dma_ops)
-		dma_ops = &nommu_dma_ops;
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
index bed05e2..a234e63 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
@@ -124,24 +124,24 @@ static void __init dma32_free_bootmem(void)
 
 void __init pci_iommu_alloc(void)
 {
+	/* swiotlb is forced by the boot option */
+	int use_swiotlb = swiotlb;
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 	/* free the range so iommu could get some range less than 4G */
 	dma32_free_bootmem();
 #endif
+	pci_swiotlb_init();
+	if (use_swiotlb)
+		return;
 
-	/*
-	 * The order of these functions is important for
-	 * fall-back/fail-over reasons
-	 */
 	gart_iommu_hole_init();
 
 	detect_calgary();
 
 	detect_intel_iommu();
 
+	/* needs to be called after gart_iommu_hole_init */
 	amd_iommu_detect();
-
-	pci_swiotlb_init();
 }
 
 void *dma_generic_alloc_coherent(struct device *dev, size_t size,
@@ -291,10 +291,15 @@ static int __init pci_iommu_init(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
 	dma_debug_add_bus(&pci_bus_type);
 #endif
-
 	x86_init.iommu.iommu_init();
 
-	no_iommu_init();
+	if (swiotlb) {
+		printk(KERN_INFO "PCI-DMA: "
+		       "Using software bounce buffering for IO (SWIOTLB)\n");
+		swiotlb_print_info();
+	} else
+		swiotlb_free();
+
 	return 0;
 }
 /* Must execute after PCI subsystem */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-gart_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-gart_64.c
index 0410bd3..919182e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-gart_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-gart_64.c
@@ -833,6 +833,7 @@ int __init gart_iommu_init(void)
 	flush_gart();
 	dma_ops = &gart_dma_ops;
 	x86_platform.iommu_shutdown = gart_iommu_shutdown;
+	swiotlb = 0;
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
index a3933d4..875e382 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
@@ -103,12 +103,3 @@ struct dma_map_ops nommu_dma_ops = {
 	.sync_sg_for_device	= nommu_sync_sg_for_device,
 	.is_phys		= 1,
 };
-
-void __init no_iommu_init(void)
-{
-	if (dma_ops)
-		return;
-
-	force_iommu = 0; /* no HW IOMMU */
-	dma_ops = &nommu_dma_ops;
-}
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
index ea20ef7..17ce422 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
@@ -46,13 +46,12 @@ void __init pci_swiotlb_init(void)
 {
 	/* don't initialize swiotlb if iommu=off (no_iommu=1) */
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
-	if ((!iommu_detected && !no_iommu && max_pfn > MAX_DMA32_PFN))
+	if (!no_iommu && max_pfn > MAX_DMA32_PFN)
 		swiotlb = 1;
 #endif
-	if (swiotlb_force)
-		swiotlb = 1;
 	if (swiotlb) {
 		swiotlb_init(0);
 		dma_ops = &swiotlb_dma_ops;
-	}
+	} else
+		dma_ops = &nommu_dma_ops;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/pci/dmar.c b/drivers/pci/dmar.c
index bce9cd7..4373996 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/dmar.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/dmar.c
@@ -613,8 +613,7 @@ void __init detect_intel_iommu(void)
 			       "x2apic and Intr-remapping.\n");
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_DMAR
-		if (ret && !no_iommu && !iommu_detected && !swiotlb &&
-		    !dmar_disabled)
+		if (ret && !no_iommu && !iommu_detected && !dmar_disabled)
 			iommu_detected = 1;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
diff --git a/drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c b/drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c
index b1e97e6..c7a8bcf 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c
@@ -3231,7 +3231,7 @@ int __init intel_iommu_init(void)
 	 * Check the need for DMA-remapping initialization now.
 	 * Above initialization will also be used by Interrupt-remapping.
 	 */
-	if (no_iommu || swiotlb || dmar_disabled)
+	if (no_iommu || dmar_disabled)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	iommu_init_mempool();
@@ -3252,7 +3252,7 @@ int __init intel_iommu_init(void)
 	"PCI-DMA: Intel(R) Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O\n");
 
 	init_timer(&unmap_timer);
-	force_iommu = 1;
+	swiotlb = 0;
 	dma_ops = &intel_dma_ops;
 
 	init_iommu_sysfs();
diff --git a/lib/swiotlb.c b/lib/swiotlb.c
index 0c12d7c..e6755a0 100644
--- a/lib/swiotlb.c
+++ b/lib/swiotlb.c
@@ -109,8 +109,10 @@ setup_io_tlb_npages(char *str)
 	}
 	if (*str == ',')
 		++str;
-	if (!strcmp(str, "force"))
+	if (!strcmp(str, "force")) {
 		swiotlb_force = 1;
+		swiotlb = 1;
+	}
 	return 1;
 }
 __setup("swiotlb=", setup_io_tlb_npages);
-- 
1.5.6.5

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