[PATCH for review] [6/48] x86: trim memory not covered by WB MTRRs

From: Andi Kleen
Date: Thu Jul 19 2007 - 09:51:35 EST


From: Jesse Barnes <jesse.barnes@xxxxxxxxx>

On some machines, buggy BIOSes don't properly setup WB MTRRs to cover all
available RAM, meaning the last few megs (or even gigs) of memory will be
marked uncached. Since Linux tends to allocate from high memory addresses
first, this causes the machine to be unusably slow as soon as the kernel
starts really using memory (i.e. right around init time).

This patch works around the problem by scanning the MTRRs at boot and
figuring out whether the current end_pfn value (setup by early e820 code)
goes beyond the highest WB MTRR range, and if so, trimming it to match. A
fairly obnoxious KERN_WARNING is printed too, letting the user know that
not all of their memory is available due to a likely BIOS bug.

Something similar could be done on i386 if needed, but the boot ordering
would be slightly different, since the MTRR code on i386 depends on the
boot_cpu_data structure being setup.

This patch fixes a bug in the last patch that caused the code to run on
non-Intel machines (AMD machines apparently don't need it and it's untested
on other non-Intel machines, so best keep it off).

Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jesse.barnes@xxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@xxxxxxx>
Tested-by: Justin Piszcz <jpiszcz@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@xxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---

Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt | 6 ++
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c | 8 ---
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c | 8 ---
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c | 85 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h | 3 +
arch/x86_64/kernel/bugs.c | 1
arch/x86_64/kernel/setup.c | 4 +
include/asm-x86_64/mtrr.h | 5 +-
8 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

Index: linux/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ linux/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -537,6 +537,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters.
See drivers/char/README.epca and
Documentation/digiepca.txt.

+ disable_mtrr_trim [X86-64, Intel only]
+ By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
+ memory out of your available memory pool based on
+ MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
+ possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
+
dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
support available.
Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c
+++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
#include "mtrr.h"

struct mtrr_state {
- struct mtrr_var_range *var_ranges;
+ struct mtrr_var_range var_ranges[MAX_VAR_RANGES];
mtrr_type fixed_ranges[NUM_FIXED_RANGES];
unsigned char enabled;
unsigned char have_fixed;
@@ -85,12 +85,6 @@ void __init get_mtrr_state(void)
struct mtrr_var_range *vrs;
unsigned lo, dummy;

- if (!mtrr_state.var_ranges) {
- mtrr_state.var_ranges = kmalloc(num_var_ranges * sizeof (struct mtrr_var_range),
- GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!mtrr_state.var_ranges)
- return;
- }
vrs = mtrr_state.var_ranges;

rdmsr(MTRRcap_MSR, lo, dummy);
Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
+++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
@@ -11,10 +11,6 @@
#include <asm/mtrr.h>
#include "mtrr.h"

-/* RED-PEN: this is accessed without any locking */
-extern unsigned int *usage_table;
-
-
#define FILE_FCOUNT(f) (((struct seq_file *)((f)->private_data))->private)

static const char *const mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
@@ -396,7 +392,7 @@ static int mtrr_seq_show(struct seq_file
for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
mtrr_if->get(i, &base, &size, &type);
if (size == 0)
- usage_table[i] = 0;
+ mtrr_usage_table[i] = 0;
else {
if (size < (0x100000 >> PAGE_SHIFT)) {
/* less than 1MB */
@@ -410,7 +406,7 @@ static int mtrr_seq_show(struct seq_file
len += seq_printf(seq,
"reg%02i: base=0x%05lx000 (%4luMB), size=%4lu%cB: %s, count=%d\n",
i, base, base >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT), size, factor,
- mtrr_attrib_to_str(type), usage_table[i]);
+ mtrr_attrib_to_str(type), mtrr_usage_table[i]);
}
}
return 0;
Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
+++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>

+#include <asm/e820.h>
#include <asm/mtrr.h>
-
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/msr.h>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@

u32 num_var_ranges = 0;

-unsigned int *usage_table;
+unsigned int mtrr_usage_table[MAX_VAR_RANGES];
static DEFINE_MUTEX(mtrr_mutex);

u64 size_or_mask, size_and_mask;
@@ -121,13 +121,8 @@ static void __init init_table(void)
int i, max;

max = num_var_ranges;
- if ((usage_table = kmalloc(max * sizeof *usage_table, GFP_KERNEL))
- == NULL) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "mtrr: could not allocate\n");
- return;
- }
for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
- usage_table[i] = 1;
+ mtrr_usage_table[i] = 1;
}

struct set_mtrr_data {
@@ -385,7 +380,7 @@ int mtrr_add_page(unsigned long base, un
goto out;
}
if (increment)
- ++usage_table[i];
+ ++mtrr_usage_table[i];
error = i;
goto out;
}
@@ -394,12 +389,13 @@ int mtrr_add_page(unsigned long base, un
if (i >= 0) {
set_mtrr(i, base, size, type);
if (likely(replace < 0))
- usage_table[i] = 1;
+ mtrr_usage_table[i] = 1;
else {
- usage_table[i] = usage_table[replace] + !!increment;
+ mtrr_usage_table[i] = mtrr_usage_table[replace] +
+ !!increment;
if (unlikely(replace != i)) {
set_mtrr(replace, 0, 0, 0);
- usage_table[replace] = 0;
+ mtrr_usage_table[replace] = 0;
}
}
} else
@@ -529,11 +525,11 @@ int mtrr_del_page(int reg, unsigned long
printk(KERN_WARNING "mtrr: MTRR %d not used\n", reg);
goto out;
}
- if (usage_table[reg] < 1) {
+ if (mtrr_usage_table[reg] < 1) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "mtrr: reg: %d has count=0\n", reg);
goto out;
}
- if (--usage_table[reg] < 1)
+ if (--mtrr_usage_table[reg] < 1)
set_mtrr(reg, 0, 0, 0);
error = reg;
out:
@@ -593,16 +589,11 @@ struct mtrr_value {
unsigned long lsize;
};

-static struct mtrr_value * mtrr_state;
+static struct mtrr_value mtrr_state[MAX_VAR_RANGES];

static int mtrr_save(struct sys_device * sysdev, pm_message_t state)
{
int i;
- int size = num_var_ranges * sizeof(struct mtrr_value);
-
- mtrr_state = kzalloc(size,GFP_ATOMIC);
- if (!mtrr_state)
- return -ENOMEM;

for (i = 0; i < num_var_ranges; i++) {
mtrr_if->get(i,
@@ -624,7 +615,6 @@ static int mtrr_restore(struct sys_devic
mtrr_state[i].lsize,
mtrr_state[i].ltype);
}
- kfree(mtrr_state);
return 0;
}

@@ -635,6 +625,59 @@ static struct sysdev_driver mtrr_sysdev_
.resume = mtrr_restore,
};

+static int disable_mtrr_trim;
+
+static int __init disable_mtrr_trim_setup(char *str)
+{
+ disable_mtrr_trim = 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+early_param("disable_mtrr_trim", disable_mtrr_trim_setup);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+/**
+ * mtrr_trim_uncached_memory - trim RAM not covered by MTRRs
+ *
+ * Some buggy BIOSes don't setup the MTRRs properly for systems with certain
+ * memory configurations. This routine checks to make sure the MTRRs having
+ * a write back type cover all of the memory the kernel is intending to use.
+ * If not, it'll trim any memory off the end by adjusting end_pfn, removing
+ * it from the kernel's allocation pools, warning the user with an obnoxious
+ * message.
+ */
+void __init mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(void)
+{
+ unsigned long i, base, size, highest_addr = 0, def, dummy;
+ mtrr_type type;
+
+ /* Make sure we only trim uncachable memory on Intel machines */
+ rdmsr(MTRRdefType_MSR, def, dummy);
+ def &= 0xff;
+ if (!is_cpu(INTEL) || disable_mtrr_trim || def != MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE)
+ return;
+
+ /* Find highest cached pfn */
+ for (i = 0; i < num_var_ranges; i++) {
+ mtrr_if->get(i, &base, &size, &type);
+ if (type != MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK)
+ continue;
+ base <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
+ size <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
+ if (highest_addr < base + size)
+ highest_addr = base + size;
+ }
+
+ if ((highest_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT) < end_pfn) {
+ printk(KERN_WARNING "***************\n");
+ printk(KERN_WARNING "**** WARNING: likely BIOS bug\n");
+ printk(KERN_WARNING "**** MTRRs don't cover all of "
+ "memory, trimmed %ld pages\n", end_pfn -
+ (highest_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT));
+ printk(KERN_WARNING "***************\n");
+ end_pfn = highest_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ }
+}
+#endif

/**
* mtrr_bp_init - initialize mtrrs on the boot CPU
Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
+++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
#define MTRRphysMask_MSR(reg) (0x200 + 2 * (reg) + 1)

#define NUM_FIXED_RANGES 88
+#define MAX_VAR_RANGES 256
#define MTRRfix64K_00000_MSR 0x250
#define MTRRfix16K_80000_MSR 0x258
#define MTRRfix16K_A0000_MSR 0x259
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@
an 8 bit field: */
typedef u8 mtrr_type;

+extern unsigned int mtrr_usage_table[MAX_VAR_RANGES];
+
struct mtrr_ops {
u32 vendor;
u32 use_intel_if;
Index: linux/arch/x86_64/kernel/bugs.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86_64/kernel/bugs.c
+++ linux/arch/x86_64/kernel/bugs.c
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
void __init check_bugs(void)
{
identify_cpu(&boot_cpu_data);
- mtrr_bp_init();
#if !defined(CONFIG_SMP)
printk("CPU: ");
print_cpu_info(&boot_cpu_data);
Index: linux/arch/x86_64/kernel/setup.c
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/arch/x86_64/kernel/setup.c
+++ linux/arch/x86_64/kernel/setup.c
@@ -266,6 +266,10 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
* we are rounding upwards:
*/
end_pfn = e820_end_of_ram();
+ /* Trim memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
+ mtrr_bp_init();
+ mtrr_trim_uncached_memory();
+
num_physpages = end_pfn;

check_efer();
Index: linux/include/asm-x86_64/mtrr.h
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/include/asm-x86_64/mtrr.h
+++ linux/include/asm-x86_64/mtrr.h
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ extern int mtrr_add_page (unsigned long
unsigned int type, char increment);
extern int mtrr_del (int reg, unsigned long base, unsigned long size);
extern int mtrr_del_page (int reg, unsigned long base, unsigned long size);
+extern void mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(void);
# else
static __inline__ int mtrr_add (unsigned long base, unsigned long size,
unsigned int type, char increment)
@@ -99,7 +100,9 @@ static __inline__ int mtrr_del_page (int
{
return -ENODEV;
}
-
+static __inline__ void mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(void)
+{
+}
#endif /* CONFIG_MTRR */

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
-
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