[PATCH/RFC] oops and panic message logging to MTD

[Richard Purdie]

Kernel oops and panic messages are invaluable when debugging crashes.
These messages often don't make it to flash based logging methods (say a
syslog on jffs2) due to the overheads involved in writing to flash.

This patch allows you to turn an MTD partition into a circular log
buffer where kernel oops and panic messages are written to. The messages
are obtained by registering a console driver and checking
oops_in_progress. Erases are performed in advance to maximise the
chances of a saving messages.

To activate it, add console=ttyMTDx to the kernel commandline (where x
is the mtd device number to use).

http://folks.o-hand.com/richard/oopslog.c is an example of extracting
this information in userspace. It will work with an mtdblock device or a
dump of an mtd partition.

Signed-off-by: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

---
 drivers/mtd/Kconfig   |    8 +
 drivers/mtd/Makefile  |    1 
 drivers/mtd/mtdoops.c |  365 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 374 insertions(+)

Index: linux/drivers/mtd/Kconfig
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/drivers/mtd/Kconfig	2007-05-13 12:30:39.000000000 +0100
+++ linux/drivers/mtd/Kconfig	2007-05-29 11:16:29.000000000 +0100
@@ -278,6 +278,15 @@ config SSFDC
 	  This enables read only access to SmartMedia formatted NAND
 	  flash. You can mount it with FAT file system.
 
+config MTD_OOPS
+	tristate "Log panic/oops to an MTD buffer"
+	depends on MTD
+	help
+	  This enables panic and oops messages to be logged to a circular
+	  buffer in a flash partition where it can be read back at some
+	  later point. Add console=ttyMTDx to the commandline to activate
+	  (where x is the MTD partition number to use).
+
 source "drivers/mtd/chips/Kconfig"
 
 source "drivers/mtd/maps/Kconfig"
Index: linux/drivers/mtd/Makefile
===================================================================
--- linux.orig/drivers/mtd/Makefile	2007-05-10 10:21:28.000000000 +0100
+++ linux/drivers/mtd/Makefile	2007-05-29 11:16:51.000000000 +0100
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_NFTL)		+= nftl.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_INFTL)		+= inftl.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_RFD_FTL)		+= rfd_ftl.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SSFDC)		+= ssfdc.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_OOPS)		+= mtdoops.o
 
 nftl-objs		:= nftlcore.o nftlmount.o
 inftl-objs		:= inftlcore.o inftlmount.o
Index: linux/drivers/mtd/mtdoops.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ linux/drivers/mtd/mtdoops.c	2007-05-29 11:16:29.000000000 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+/*
+ * MTD Oops/Panic logger
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Nokia Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Author: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+ * 02110-1301 USA
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/console.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/workqueue.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/wait.h>
+#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
+
+#define OOPS_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+
+static struct mtdoops_context {
+	int mtd_index;
+	struct work_struct work;
+	struct mtd_info *mtd;
+	int oops_pages;
+	int nextpage;
+	int nextcount;
+
+	void *oops_buf;
+	int ready;
+	int writecount;
+} oops_cxt;
+
+static void mtdoops_erase_callback(struct erase_info *done)
+{
+	wait_queue_head_t *wait_q = (wait_queue_head_t *)done->priv;
+	wake_up(wait_q);
+}
+
+static int mtdoops_erase_block(struct mtd_info *mtd, int offset)
+{
+	struct erase_info erase;
+	DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
+	wait_queue_head_t wait_q;
+	int ret;
+
+	init_waitqueue_head(&wait_q);
+	erase.mtd = mtd;
+	erase.callback = mtdoops_erase_callback;
+	erase.addr = offset;
+	if (mtd->erasesize < OOPS_PAGE_SIZE)
+		erase.len = OOPS_PAGE_SIZE;
+	else
+		erase.len = mtd->erasesize;
+	erase.priv = (u_long)&wait_q;
+
+	set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+	add_wait_queue(&wait_q, &wait);
+
+	ret = mtd->erase(mtd, &erase);
+	if (ret) {
+		set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
+		remove_wait_queue(&wait_q, &wait);
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "mtdoops: erase of region [0x%x, 0x%x] "
+				     "on \"%s\" failed\n",
+			erase.addr, erase.len, mtd->name);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	schedule();  /* Wait for erase to finish. */
+	remove_wait_queue(&wait_q, &wait);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int mtdoops_inc_counter(struct mtdoops_context *cxt)
+{
+	struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+	size_t retlen;
+	u32 count;
+	int ret;
+
+	cxt->nextpage++;
+	if (cxt->nextpage > cxt->oops_pages)
+		cxt->nextpage = 0;
+	cxt->nextcount++;
+	if (cxt->nextcount == 0xffffffff)
+		cxt->nextcount = 0;
+
+	ret = mtd->read(mtd, cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE, 4,
+			&retlen, (u_char *) &count);
+	if ((retlen != 4) || (ret < 0)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "mtdoops: Read failure at %d (%d of 4 read)"
+				", err %d.\n", cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE,
+				retlen, ret);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/* See if we need to erase the next block */
+	if (count != 0xffffffff)
+		return 1;
+
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "mtdoops: Ready %d, %d (no erase)\n",
+			cxt->nextpage, cxt->nextcount);
+	cxt->ready = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void mtdoops_prepare(struct mtdoops_context *cxt)
+{
+	struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+	int i = 0, j, ret, mod;
+
+	/* We were unregistered */
+	if (!mtd)
+		return;
+
+	mod = (cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE) % mtd->erasesize;
+	if (mod != 0) {
+		cxt->nextpage = cxt->nextpage + ((mtd->erasesize - mod) / OOPS_PAGE_SIZE);
+		if (cxt->nextpage > cxt->oops_pages)
+			cxt->nextpage = 0;
+	}
+
+	while (mtd->block_isbad &&
+			mtd->block_isbad(mtd, cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE)) {
+badblock:
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "mtdoops: Bad block at %08x\n",
+				cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE);
+		i++;
+		cxt->nextpage = cxt->nextpage + (mtd->erasesize / OOPS_PAGE_SIZE);
+		if (cxt->nextpage > cxt->oops_pages)
+			cxt->nextpage = 0;
+		if (i == (cxt->oops_pages / (mtd->erasesize / OOPS_PAGE_SIZE))) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "mtdoops: All blocks bad!\n");
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (j = 0, ret = -1; (j < 3) && (ret < 0); j++)
+		ret = mtdoops_erase_block(mtd, cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		if (mtd->block_markbad)
+			mtd->block_markbad(mtd, cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE);
+		goto badblock;
+	}
+
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "mtdoops: Ready %d, %d \n", cxt->nextpage, cxt->nextcount);
+
+	cxt->ready = 1;
+}
+
+static void mtdoops_workfunc(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	struct mtdoops_context *cxt =
+			container_of(work, struct mtdoops_context, work);
+
+	mtdoops_prepare(cxt);
+}
+
+static int find_next_position(struct mtdoops_context *cxt)
+{
+	struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+	int page, maxpos = 0;
+	u32 count, maxcount = 0xffffffff;
+	size_t retlen;
+
+	for (page = 0; page < cxt->oops_pages; page++) {
+		mtd->read(mtd, page * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE, 4, &retlen, (u_char *) &count);
+		if (count == 0xffffffff)
+			continue;
+		if (maxcount == 0xffffffff) {
+			maxcount = count;
+			maxpos = page;
+		} else if ((count < 0x40000000) && (maxcount > 0xc0000000)) {
+			maxcount = count;
+			maxpos = page;
+		} else if ((count > maxcount) && (count < 0xc0000000)) {
+			maxcount = count;
+			maxpos = page;
+		} else if ((count > maxcount) && (count > 0xc0000000)
+					&& (maxcount > 0x80000000)) {
+			maxcount = count;
+			maxpos = page;
+		}
+	}
+	if (maxcount == 0xffffffff) {
+		cxt->nextpage = 0;
+		cxt->nextcount = 1;
+		cxt->ready = 1;
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG "mtdoops: Ready %d, %d (first init)\n",
+				cxt->nextpage, cxt->nextcount);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	cxt->nextpage = maxpos;
+	cxt->nextcount = maxcount;
+
+	return mtdoops_inc_counter(cxt);
+}
+
+
+static void mtdoops_notify_add(struct mtd_info *mtd)
+{
+	struct mtdoops_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+	int ret;
+
+	if ((mtd->index != cxt->mtd_index) || cxt->mtd_index < 0)
+		return;
+
+	if (mtd->size < (mtd->erasesize * 2)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "MTD partition %d not big enough for mtdoops\n",
+				mtd->index);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	cxt->mtd = mtd;
+	cxt->oops_pages = mtd->size / OOPS_PAGE_SIZE;
+
+	ret = find_next_position(cxt);
+	if (ret == 1)
+		mtdoops_prepare(cxt);
+
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "mtdoops: Attached to MTD device %d\n", mtd->index);
+}
+
+static void mtdoops_notify_remove(struct mtd_info *mtd)
+{
+	struct mtdoops_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+
+	if ((mtd->index != cxt->mtd_index) || cxt->mtd_index < 0)
+		return;
+
+	cxt->mtd = NULL;
+	flush_scheduled_work();
+}
+
+
+static void
+mtdoops_console_write(struct console *co, const char *s, unsigned int count)
+{
+	struct mtdoops_context *cxt = co->data;
+	struct mtd_info *mtd = cxt->mtd;
+	int i, ret;
+
+	if (!cxt->ready || !mtd)
+		return;
+
+	if (!oops_in_progress && cxt->writecount != 0) {
+		size_t retlen;
+		if (cxt->writecount < OOPS_PAGE_SIZE)
+			memset(cxt->oops_buf + cxt->writecount, 0xff,
+					OOPS_PAGE_SIZE - cxt->writecount);
+
+		ret = mtd->write(mtd, cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE,
+					OOPS_PAGE_SIZE, &retlen, cxt->oops_buf);
+		cxt->ready = 0;
+		cxt->writecount = 0;
+
+		if ((retlen != OOPS_PAGE_SIZE) || (ret < 0))
+			printk(KERN_ERR "mtdoops: Write failure at %d (%d of %d"
+				" written), err %d.\n",
+				cxt->nextpage * OOPS_PAGE_SIZE, retlen,
+				OOPS_PAGE_SIZE, ret);
+
+		ret = mtdoops_inc_counter(cxt);
+		if (ret == 1)
+			schedule_work(&cxt->work);
+	}
+
+	if (!oops_in_progress)
+		return;
+
+	if (cxt->writecount == 0) {
+		u32 *stamp = cxt->oops_buf;
+		*stamp = cxt->nextcount;
+		cxt->writecount = 4;
+	}
+
+	if ((count + cxt->writecount) > OOPS_PAGE_SIZE)
+		count = OOPS_PAGE_SIZE - cxt->writecount;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++, s++)
+		*((char *)(cxt->oops_buf) + cxt->writecount + i) = *s;
+
+	cxt->writecount = cxt->writecount + count;
+}
+
+static int __init mtdoops_console_setup(struct console *co, char *options)
+{
+	struct mtdoops_context *cxt = co->data;
+
+	if (cxt->mtd_index != -1)
+		return -EBUSY;
+	if (co->index == -1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	cxt->mtd_index = co->index;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct mtd_notifier mtdoops_notifier = {
+	.add	= mtdoops_notify_add,
+	.remove	= mtdoops_notify_remove,
+};
+
+static struct console mtdoops_console = {
+	.name		= "ttyMTD",
+	.write		= mtdoops_console_write,
+	.setup		= mtdoops_console_setup,
+	.flags		= CON_PRINTBUFFER,
+	.index		= -1,
+	.data		= &oops_cxt,
+};
+
+static int __init mtdoops_console_init(void)
+{
+	struct mtdoops_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+
+	cxt->mtd_index = -1;
+	cxt->oops_buf = vmalloc(OOPS_PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	if (!cxt->oops_buf) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to allocate oops buffer workspace\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	INIT_WORK(&cxt->work, mtdoops_workfunc);
+
+	register_console(&mtdoops_console);
+	register_mtd_user(&mtdoops_notifier);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit mtdoops_console_exit(void)
+{
+	struct mtdoops_context *cxt = &oops_cxt;
+
+	unregister_mtd_user(&mtdoops_notifier);
+	unregister_console(&mtdoops_console);
+	vfree(cxt->oops_buf);
+}
+
+
+subsys_initcall(mtdoops_console_init);
+module_exit(mtdoops_console_exit);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Richard Purdie <rpurdie@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MTD Oops/Panic console logger/driver");


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