Hi Andrew,
I would like to noticed to you that the SMP capacity can't be used on one process under Linux.
when you run 'time dd if=/dev/zero of=foo bs=1 count=1M', the capacity of 1 processor will use since your command sets is executed in ONE process.
In different with FreeBSD, there is a processor STATE _per_ process, so the kernel can 'load balance' the current syscall execution.
To 'SMPized' your programme, you have to create X process (X corresponding to the machine processors numbers.). And exec your syscall since these process.
Is there a small of my test :
[DEBUG] at 3e7da90d - Scheduler.c: Initialized.
[DEBUG] at 3e7da90d - Interrupt.c: Entrering in Linux process management.
[INFOS] at 3e7da90d - LinuxProcessor.c: There is 4 proccessor(s) on this machine.
[INFOS] at 3e7da90d - LinuxProcessor.c: Initialize processor #0 (Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz)
[INFOS] at 3e7da90d - LinuxProcessor.c: Initialize processor #1 (Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz)
[INFOS] at 3e7da90d - LinuxProcessor.c: Initialize processor #2 (Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz)
[INFOS] at 3e7da90d - LinuxProcessor.c: Initialize processor #3 (Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz)
[INFOS] at 3e7da90d - LinuxProcessor.c: Waiting processor(s) initialization...
[INFOS] at 3e7da97b - LinuxProcessor.c: Processor #2 initialized. (pid=9771)
[INFOS] at 3e7da97c - LinuxProcessor.c: Processor #3 initialized. (pid=9772)
[INFOS] at 3e7da97d - LinuxProcessor.c: Processor #0 initialized. (pid=9769)
[INFOS] at 3e7da97e - LinuxProcessor.c: Processor #1 initialized. (pid=9770)
[INFOS] at 3e7da915 - LinuxProcessor.c: All processor(s) is ready.
[DEBUG] at 3e7da915 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 24.220 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da916 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.200 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da916 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.240 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da917 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.200 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da917 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.240 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da918 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.360 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da918 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.300 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da919 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.440 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da919 - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.360 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91a - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.260 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91a - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.500 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91b - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.340 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91b - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.460 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91c - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.460 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91c - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.340 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91d - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.300 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91e - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.420 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91e - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.560 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91f - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.360 ms
[DEBUG] at 3e7da91f - LinuxInterrupt.c: Interrupt execution trip average : 1.360 ms
Sorry for my bad english :/
Best regards,
Michael
On Sat, 22 Mar 2003 17:58:16 -0800
Andrew Morton <akpm@digeo.com> wrote:
>
> I've been looking at the CPU cost of the write() system call. Time how long
> it takes to write a million bytes to an ext2 file, via a million
> one-byte-writes:
>
> time dd if=/dev/zero of=foo bs=1 count=1M
>
> This only uses one CPU. It takes twice as long on SMP.
>
> On a 2.7GHz P4-HT:
>
> 2.5.65-mm4, UP:
> 0.34s user 1.00s system 99% cpu 1.348 total
> 2.5.65-mm4, SMP:
> 0.41s user 2.04s system 100% cpu 2.445 total
>
> 2.4.21-pre5, UP:
> 0.34s user 0.96s system 106% cpu 1.224 total
> 2.4.21-pre5, SMP:
> 0.42s user 1.95s system 99% cpu 2.372 total
>
> (The small additional overhead in 2.5 is expected - there are more function
> calls due to the addition of AIO and there is more setup due to the (large)
> writev speedups).
>
>
> On a 500MHz PIII Xeon:
>
> 500MHz PIII, UP:
> 1.08s user 2.90s system 100% cpu 3.971 total
> 500MHz PIII, SMP:
> 1.13s user 4.86s system 99% cpu 5.999 total
>
>
> This pretty gross. About six months back I worked out that across the
> lifecycle of a pagecache page (creation via write() through to reclaim via
> the page LRU) we take 27 spinlocks and rwlocks. And this does not even
> include semaphores and atomic bitops (I used lockmeter). I'm not sure it is
> this high any more - quite a few things were fixed up, but it is still high.
>
>
> Profiles for 2.5 on the P4 show that it's all in fget(), fput() and
> find_get_page(). Those locked operations are really hurting.
>
> One thing is noteworthy: ia32's read_unlock() is buslocked, whereas
> spin_unlock() is not. So let's see what happens if we convert file_lock
> from an rwlock to a spinlock:
>
>
> 2.5.65-mm4, SMP:
> 0.34s user 2.00s system 100% cpu 2.329 total
>
> That's a 5% speedup.
>
>
> And if we were to convert file->f_count to be a nonatomic "int", protected by
> files_lock it would probably speed things up further.
>
> I've always been a bit skeptical about rwlocks - if you're holding the lock
> for long enough for a significant amount of reader concurrency, you're
> holding it for too long. eg: tasklist_lock.
>
>
>
> SMP:
>
> c0254a14 read_zero 189 0.3841
> c0250f5c clear_user 217 3.3906
> c0148a64 sys_write 251 3.9219
> c0148a24 sys_read 268 4.1875
> c014b00c __block_prepare_write 485 0.5226
> c0130dd4 unlock_page 493 7.7031
> c0120220 current_kernel_time 560 8.7500
> c0163190 __mark_inode_dirty 775 3.5227
> c01488ec vfs_write 983 3.1506
> c0132d9c generic_file_write 996 10.3750
> c01486fc vfs_read 1010 3.2372
> c014b3ac __block_commit_write 1100 7.6389
> c0149500 fput 1110 39.6429
> c01322e4 generic_file_aio_write_nolock 1558 0.6292
> c0130fc0 find_lock_page 2301 13.0739
> c01495f0 fget 2780 33.0952
> c0108ddc system_call 4047 91.9773
> c0106f64 default_idle 24624 473.5385
> 00000000 total 45321 0.0200
>
> UP:
>
> c023c9ac radix_tree_lookup 13 0.1711
> c015362c inode_times_differ 14 0.1944
> c015372c inode_update_time 14 0.1000
> c012cb9c generic_file_write 15 0.1630
> c012ca90 generic_file_write_nolock 17 0.1214
> c0140e1c fget 17 0.3542
> c023deb8 __copy_from_user_ll 17 0.1545
> c0241514 read_zero 17 0.0346
> c014001c vfs_read 18 0.0682
> c01401dc vfs_write 20 0.0758
> c01430d8 generic_commit_write 20 0.1786
> c01402e4 sys_read 21 0.3281
> c0142968 __block_commit_write 29 0.2014
> c023dc4c clear_user 34 0.5312
> c0140324 sys_write 38 0.5938
> c01425cc __block_prepare_write 39 0.0422
> c012c0f4 generic_file_aio_write_nolock 89 0.0362
> c0108b54 system_call 406 9.2273
> 00000000 total 944 0.0004
>
>
>
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This archive was generated by hypermail 2b29 : Sun Mar 23 2003 - 22:00:44 EST