[PATCH] comedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits()

[Ian Abbott]

For Comedi `INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions on "digital"
subdevices (subdevice types `COMEDI_SUBD_DI`, `COMEDI_SUBD_DO`, and
`COMEDI_SUBD_DIO`), it is common for the subdevice driver not to have
`insn_read` and `insn_write` handler functions, but to have an
`insn_bits` handler function for handling Comedi `INSN_BITS`
instructions.  In that case, the subdevice's `insn_read` and/or
`insn_write` function handler pointers are set to point to the
`insn_rw_emulate_bits()` function by `__comedi_device_postconfig()`.

For `INSN_WRITE`, `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` currently assumes that the
supplied `data[0]` value is a valid copy from user memory.  It will at
least exist because `do_insnlist_ioctl()` and `do_insn_ioctl()` in
"comedi_fops.c" ensure at lease `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elements are
allocated.  However, if `insn->n` is 0 (which is allowable for
`INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions, then `data[0]` may contain
uninitialized data, and certainly contains invalid data, possibly from a
different instruction in the array of instructions handled by
`do_insnlist_ioctl()`.  This will result in an incorrect value being
written to the digital output channel (or to the digital input/output
channel if configured as an output), and may be reflected in the
internal saved state of the channel.

Fix it by returning 0 early if `insn->n` is 0, before reaching the code
that accesses `data[0]`.  Previously, the function always returned 1 on
success, but it is supposed to be the number of data samples actually
read or written up to `insn->n`, which is 0 in this case.

Reported-by: syzbot+cb96ec476fb4914445c9@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=cb96ec476fb4914445c9
Fixes: ed9eccbe8970 ("Staging: add comedi core")
Cc: <stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> # 5.13+
Signed-off-by: Ian Abbott <abbotti@xxxxxxxxx>
---
Patch does not apply cleanly to longterm kernels 5.4.x and 5.10.x.
---
 drivers/comedi/drivers.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/comedi/drivers.c b/drivers/comedi/drivers.c
index 376130bfba8a..98e565088289 100644
--- a/drivers/comedi/drivers.c
+++ b/drivers/comedi/drivers.c
@@ -615,6 +615,9 @@ static int insn_rw_emulate_bits(struct comedi_device *dev,
 	unsigned int _data[2];
 	int ret;
 
+	if (insn->n == 0)
+		return 0;
+
 	memset(_data, 0, sizeof(_data));
 	memset(&_insn, 0, sizeof(_insn));
 	_insn.insn = INSN_BITS;
-- 
2.47.2